Russia: New bill introduces broader disease testing for migrants, including hepatitis

Migrant children should pass a Russian language test and their parents should be tested for dangerous diseases

Translated with Deepl.com. Scroll down for original article in Russian

The Russian government has already supported the bills against illegal migration. New initiatives are next – the introduction of a Russian language exam for foreign children and the expansion of the list of dangerous diseases, the presence of which is checked in visitors.

About it at a press conference in Moscow told Deputy Speaker of the State Duma, Head of the Migration Policy Commission Irina Yarovaya.

“Today, a commission on legislation in the government of the Russian Federation was held, and our bills are fully supported without comments”, – she said.

It is a question of recognizing the organization of illegal migration as a particularly serious crime in cases where it is committed by an organized group and for the purpose of committing serious or especially serious crimes. If today the punishment for this is from two months to seven years, which gives the court the right to apply even a suspended sentence against such criminals, then in the future this will be impossible. The lower threshold of responsibility increases to eight to fifteen years.

An increased level of responsibility is also established for forgery, manufacture and trafficking of forged documents for the purpose of illegal migration. If today it’s from two months to four years, then it will be from two to six years, Yarovaya noted.

In addition, it is proposed to amend the federal law on information and establish extrajudicial blocking of Internet resources containing offers of illegal services for migrants.

There are about 739 thousand illegal migrants on the territory of the Russian Federation.

“We are witnessing an increase in organized illegal migration: in the half of 2024, almost one and a half times more facts were revealed than in the same period last year. It must be said that 879 people were convicted of organizing illegal migration, of which 665 people are Russian citizens. <… > These crimes are committed by people who live near us and are involved in this organized criminal activity”,- explained Irina Yarovaya.

With regard to new initiatives that have yet to be prepared and introduced, it is the expansion of the list of diseases for which migrants will be tested and the introduction of a language test when children enter schools.

“We insist that the Ministry of Health expand the list of dangerous diseases for migration purposes, including hepatitis B and C,”- said the deputy.

Now migrants entering Russia are required to be tested for COVID-19, tuberculosis, leprosy (Hansen’s disease), syphilis, HIV. The presence of such diseases can be an obstacle to obtaining a residence permit or a work permit, as well as a reason for deportation.

Also, the State Duma Commission on Migration Policy is preparing changes in the legislation on mandatory diagnostics and training of migrant children before their admission to Russian schools, Irina Yarovaya said.

“Compulsory diagnostics for the knowledge of the Russian language of children who are admitted to schools is necessary… mandatory diagnostics and preparation before admission to school are necessary, the child must know exactly the language in which he will learn the material, communicate with the teacher and with peers… we have given the relevant instructions to the Ministry of Education, but at the same time we ourselves prepare changes to the legislation,”

– she said at a press conference in the multimedia press center “Russia Today”.

Previously “Nats Accent” wrote that the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation will check the Kaliningrad school where children do not know Russian.


ДЕТИ-МИГРАНТЫ ДОЛЖНЫ СДАТЬ ТЕСТ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ, А ИХ РОДИТЕЛИ – ПРОВЕРИТЬСЯ НА ОПАСНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ

Правительство России уже поддержало законопроекты против незаконной миграции. На очереди новые инициативы – введение экзамена по русскому языку для детей иностранцев и расширение списка опасных заболеваний, наличие которых проверяют у приезжих.

Об этом на пресс-конференции в Москве рассказала вице-спикер Госдумы, руководитель комиссии по вопросам миграционной политики Ирина Яровая.

«Сегодня состоялась комиссия по законодательству в правительстве РФ, и наши законопроекты полностью поддержаны без замечаний”, – сказала она.

Речь о том, чтобы признавать организацию незаконной миграции особо тяжким преступлением в случаях, когда оно совершается организованной группой и в целях совершения тяжких или особо тяжких преступлений. Если сегодня наказание за это – от двух месяцев до семи лет, что дает право суду применять даже условное осуждение в отношении таких преступников, то в будущем такое будет невозможно. Нижний порог ответственности увеличивается до восемь-пятнадцати лет.

За подделку, изготовление и оборот поддельных документов в целях незаконной миграции также устанавливается повышенный уровень ответственности. Если сегодня это от двух месяцев до четырех лет, то будет  – от двух до шести лет, отметила Яровая.

Кроме того, предлагается внести изменения в федеральный закон об информации и установить внесудебную блокировку интернет-ресурсов, содержащих предложения незаконных услуг для мигрантов.

На территории РФ находятся около 739 тысяч нелегальных мигрантов.

“Мы наблюдаем рост организованной незаконной миграции: за полугодие 2024 года выявлено почти в полтора раза больше фактов, чем за аналогичный период в прошлом году. Нужно сказать, что 879 лиц осуждено за организацию незаконной миграции, из них 665 лиц – это граждане России. <…> Эти преступления совершаются лицами, которые проживают рядом с нами и вовлечены в эту организованную преступную деятельность”,- пояснила Ирина Яровая.

Что касается новых инициатив, которые только еще предстоит подготовить и внести, то это расширение перечня заболеваний, на которые будут проверять мигрантов и введение языкового теста при поступлении детей в школы.

“Мы настаиваем на том, чтобы министерство здравоохранения расширило перечень опасных заболеваний для целей миграции, в том числе, включив него гепатит B и C”,- сказала депутат.

Сейчас въезжающих в Россию мигрантов в обязательном порядке проверяют на COVID-19, туберкулез, лепра (болезнь Гансена), сифилис, ВИЧ. Наличие таких заболеваний может стать препятствием к получению вида на жительство или разрешения на работу, а также причиной депортации.

Также комиссия Госдумы по вопросам миграционной политики готовит изменения в законодательстве об обязательной диагностике и подготовке детей мигрантов до принятия их в российские школы, отметила Ирина Яровая.

“Необходима обязательная диагностика на знание русского языка детей, которые принимаются в школы… необходима обязательная диагностика и подготовка до принятия в школу, ребенок точно должен знать язык, на котором он будет усваивать материал, общаться с педагогом и со сверстниками… соответствующие поручения нами даны министерству просвещения, но при этом мы сами готовим изменения в законодательство”,

– сказала она на пресс-конференции в мультимедийном пресс-центре “Россия сегодня”​.

Ранее «НацАкцент» писал, что Следственный комитет РФ проверит калининградскую школу, где дети не знают русский язык.

New Zealand: Seasonal workers will no longer be screened for HIV, in line with other temporary visas

RSE Scheme Revamped, Cap Raised

The coalition Government is supporting the growth of New Zealand’s horticulture and viticulture industries, by revitalising the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Scheme and increasing the cap for the coming season.

“We are making changes that can be delivered quickly, reduce costs and compliance for employers, and improve flexibility for RSE workers,” Immigration Minister Erica Stanford says.

“Our Government is committed to increasing the number of RSE workers over time in line with industry demand, while balancing the availability of New Zealanders and accommodation for workers. That’s why the cap on the number of workers is increasing by 1,250 to 20,750 for the 2024/25 season.

Other changes include employers being required to pay workers an average of 30 hours a week over four weeks. The pause on accommodation cost increases will be lifted and the requirement to pay RSE workers 10 percent above the minimum wage will only apply to experienced workers, recognising their productivity.

“The RSE scheme is central to our relationships in the Pacific and has delivered tremendous benefits to everyone involved,” Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters says.

“New Zealand is committed to supporting Pacific priorities. That is why these changes include broader opportunities for skills development, greater flexibility in visa settings, and pay based on experience.”

Further changes are:

  • Improved flexibility for RSE workers to move between employers and regions.
  • Workers’ visas will be multi-entry during a season.
  • RSE workers will be able to undertake training and skills development not directly related to their role.
  • RSE workers will no longer have to be screened for HIV, aligning them with other temporary visa applicant requirements.
  • Timor-Leste will be included in the scheme.

Most of these changes will be in place in early-September. Further time will be needed to set up the infrastructure and processes on the ground for Timor-Leste to participate. The cap increase fulfils a commitment from the coalition agreement between National and Act.

“These changes are just the start. The next phase of our work programme will consider substantive, longer-term options to further improve the wider RSE system and worker welfare settings,” Ms Stanford says.

Controversy around visa denials hits the International AIDS Society

Visas denied to many HIV activists in run-up to 2024 International AIDS Conference

Controversy around visa denials has hit the International AIDS Society (IAS) as it plans for the start of the 2024 International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2024) in Munich, Germany. In the week before the July 22 opening session, numerous delegates from African countries have said that they were denied visas to Germany or were still waiting to hear if they would be admitted into the country to attend the conference.

Some activists have criticized IAS for presenting their global meeting in a northwestern country—and suggested that if the conference occurred in the global south or in a low- to middle-income country, such visa troubles would not occur.

In the face of such critiques, IAS has leveraged its power to assist delegates. Bijan Farnoudi, M.Sc., the IAS director of communications, explained to TheBody that according to its ongoing feedback with 693 delegates who had reached out for assistance, 82% had obtained their visas, 6% were still pending, and 12% had been denied. The largest number of these delegates reporting that they’d obtained their visas were traveling from Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe. Meanwhile, many delegates from Uganda were still waiting to hear back from the German consulate.

When asked why some delegates were denied visas, Farnoudi explained that IAS only knows what people report back to them, but that historically the issues have included incomplete applications, missed timelines, missing documents, or authorities expressing doubts over the applicant’s explanation for attending. But he was quick to acknowledge that the reasons are impossible to definitively ascertain because the visa process is confidential between applicants and the consular service.

TheBody contacted the German Federal Foreign Office for comment about why so many visa applications were delayed or rejected. They had not responded by the time of publication.

No Clear Reason for Delays, Rejections, or Approvals

In addition to appealing to IAS, delegates whose visa applications are pending have also taken to tweeting about their experiences. Gloria Nawanyaga is a well-known HIV activist from Uganda who has been living with HIV for over 15 years. On July 18, she tweeted that her flight to Munich was set to take off the next day, but that because of “unjustified visa delays,” her passport was still being held by the German Foreign Office. As a result, she said, she may not be able to attend the conference.

Nawanyaga noted that it is common for delegates from the global south to face visa delays and rejections even when all necessary documents have been filed or when they have already had Schengen visas, which permit non-European Union nationals to visit any of the 29 countries in the Schengen area for up to 90 days.

Farnoudi retweeted Nawanyaga’s message soon after her post, with an added message to the German Foreign Office: “#AIDS2024 is nothing without community voices from the most affected countries in the world. We need Gloria and all others registered to attend. … Your urgent support here is much appreciated.”

TheBody asked Farnoudi whether he felt such messaging would prove effective. He responded in an email, “Only the Germans can answer that but what I can say is that we want everyone at this conference, especially the most marginalized who have always been the most affected. We also have staff dedicated to supporting delegates with their visa processes and have established direct channels with German authorities who ultimately decide on granting a visa.”

Linda Joseph Robert is an HIV advocate from Uganda who was a 2023 recipient of IAS’ Youth Hub Seed Grant and is a member of AVAC’s Advocacy Program. He was scheduled to speak during a pre-conference AIDS 2024 session called The People Living With HIV Pre-Conference (Living 2024) about using the science of undetectable equals untransmittable (#U=U) for advocacy. Though he submitted his visa application on June 24―including letters from his employer (AIDS Healthcare Foundation Uganda), sponsorship letters from GNP+ and Prevention Access Campaign (PAC), and a registration letter from IAS―his visa was denied on July 16.

He provided TheBody with an excerpt of the letter, which stated: “There are reasonable doubts about the reliability, the authenticity of documents submitted or their truthfulness. There are reasonable doubts about your intention to leave the territory of the Member States before the visa expires.”

IAS confirmed with TheBody that Joseph is a registered delegate for AIDS 2024. Additionally, Bruce Richman, the founder of PAC, confirmed with TheBody that Joseph was being sponsored by PAC and was scheduled to present at Living 2024. While expressing his disappointment over the visa rejection, Richman told TheBody that Joseph had also been selected by a committee to present on the future of U=U research at another session, the “Setting the U=U Research Agenda Forum,” hosted by the Lancet, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and PAC.

Whatever the reason for any delegate’s visa rejection or wait, it should be noted that the majority of conference participants who have applied for visas have been accepted.

Farnoudi noted that this success rate applied to visa applicants who were visiting Munich to attend pre-conference and satellite events. For instance, Erika Castellanos, director of programs at the Global Action for Trans Equality (GATE), told TheBody that out of 181 participants in a global trans pre-conference event she helped organize, 61 participants needed visas. Of that number 52 were accepted, while nine received rejection letters. Four of the delegates who were rejected came from North African countries.

In an email, Castellanos wrote, “We would wish for everyone to get their visas but these numbers are the best we have ever seen for a conference.” While noting that North African participation would be under-represented, she also shared that she wanted to recognize the support of German authorities in clearing so many visa applicants.

These outcomes are a big change from two years ago, when the Canadian government denied entry to hundreds of delegates to the 24th International AIDS Conference in Montreal.

A History of Visa Denials and Searching for Ideal Locations

In July 2022, Canadian and global media were filled with stories about delegates being denied visas to attend AIDS 2022, but these reports were not new. On June 17, the Canadian Press had already reported that hundreds of delegates from Asia, Africa, and Latin America had not yet been issued visas, while dozens of others had been rejected. This included scholarship recipients, whose funding was provided largely by Canada’s federal government as part of its bid to host the conference.

By the time the conference opened on July 29, it became known that many delegates from African countries had been denied entry. In response, numerous protestors interrupted the conference’s opening ceremony, accusing authorities of racism and other forms of discrimination.

But these complaints were far from new. For years, IAS has faced criticism for hosting conferences in countries in the global north. From 1985 to 1998, the conference was presented by European or North American countries all but two times; it was hosted by Yokohama, Japan, in 1994 and Manila, Philippines, in 1997. And it wasn’t until 2000 that the conference was held in an African nation, when South Africa was the host country. In fact, to date, all IAS conferences in Africa have been hosted by South Africa. Next year’s 13th IAS Conference on HIV Science in Kigali, Rwanda, will be the first break in that pattern.

Advocates who spoke to TheBody on the condition of anonymity also pointed to the conference’s history of being presented in countries that discriminate against many of the people it represents. For instance, though IAS moved AIDS 1992 from Boston to Amsterdam―due to immigration restrictions on people living with HIV that were in place from 1988 to 2010―the U.S. has long been openly hostile to sex workers and people who use drugs, two groups that are integral to the HIV response and recognized as key members of IAS. Yet IAS conferences were held in Atlanta in 1985, San Francisco in 1990, and Washington, D.C., in 1987 and 2012.

This says nothing of countries with HIV criminalization laws, such as Canada, which imposes a lifetime registry on the country’s sexual offender registry for people convicted of HIV exposure. All the same, since 1989, Canada has hosted an IAS conference five times.

Like many other northwestern countries, Canada subjects visitors from the global south to onerous paperwork―which can vary depending on the person reviewing each case―as well as proof that applicants have a certain amount of money in their bank account for every day that they are visiting; proof of secured housing; a long processing time (three weeks or more); and high application costs. And if a person is denied entry, they will not be refunded any fees that they paid.

The process can be incredibly stressful, especially for applicants with limited funds. But in 2022, that problem was made worse by Canada’s response to the planned-for influx of over 10,000 visitors: numerous rejections with no explanations given.

TheBody contacted Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada for information about why so many AIDS 2022 delegates were denied visas. They had not yet responded as of the time of publication.

Logistics of Planning the International AIDS Conference

During AIDS 2022, IAS’ then-president Adeeba Kamarulzaman, M.D., told conference attendees that she was upset that registered delegates, including IAS staff and leadership, had been barred from entering Canada. Despite her call for change, she and the organization were still assailed by activists who insisted that the conference be held only in low- to middle-income countries in the future.

Though this might satisfy some, logistically it ignores the requirement that a host country have the necessary infrastructure to accommodate a major health and science conference. There are also concerns about safety and human rights―for instance, countries that criminalize LGBTQ people―as well as independence of the organization.

In an interview with Devex, Kamarulzaman said that the 2022 conference was originally scheduled to appear in a middle-income country in Asia. However, IAS ended negotiations after the prospective host government made vetting the conference program a condition of approval.

To that point, IAS demands absolute independence from its host countries to allay the possibility of governmental interference in or bias against sessions dedicated to empowering sex workers, using harm reduction, offering gender affirming care, or even engaging in protest―a celebrated right at IAS conferences.

As Farnoudi told TheBody in a previously published interview about the right to protest at the upcoming AIDS 2024 conference in Munich, “IAS endorses freedom of expression as an essential principle in the response to HIV. … Any authority that pitches to host an IAS conference knows this comes with our culture of allowing and welcoming peaceful protest. We wouldn’t select a location if that were completely impossible.”

While that offers a measure of comfort to delegates who will want to protest the current visa issue during the conference in Munich, it offers little comfort to those who have been denied entry. IAS is well aware of this. At next year’s conference in Rwanda, visa denials will almost certainly occur once again―even to delegates from other African countries. In those instances, IAS says it will continue to work to resolve issues.

What Happens Now?

When asked what IAS has done to help delegates gain entry to Munich, Farnoudi said the organization has been in bi-weekly communication with German authorities since February 2024 to help facilitate visa application processing.

In a follow-up email, Farnoudi wrote, “We regularly flag cases of registered conference participants who have not heard back from the authorities or encountered other challenges.” When asked about the likelihood of a visa being approved after receiving help, Farnoudi explained that IAS did not have a way to track the results of interventions because delegates did not always share when a problem had been resolved.

For now, the work to help delegates facing visa issues continues, mostly in the background. Though IAS has tweeted a call for “authorities to expedite the process for those pending,” there is no way to know whether German authorities will oblige.

IAS lists information about immigration for AIDS 2024 here. For support from the AIDS 2024 Immigration Support team, write to visa@aids2024.org.

Turkey: HIV-Positive Syrian refugee fights for access to treatment in Istanbul detention centre

HIV positive Syrian refugee ‘left for dead’ in İstanbul removal center

Ahmed Aaabo’s treatment has been disrupted by bureaucratic hurdles after his temporary protection status was removed, says his lawyer.

Ahmed Aabo was only 10 years old when his family left him at the Turkish border in 2011, seeking a safer life amidst the Syrian civil war.

Granted Temporary Protection Status upon entering Turkey, Ahmed’s life took a dramatic turn about eight months ago after he donated blood to the Turkish Red Crescent, which revealed he was HIV positive.

Ahmed began receiving treatment at Haseki Training and Research Hospital in Fatih, İstanbul, where he regularly took his medication. However, his situation worsened due to administrative decisions and bureaucratic barriers.

Losing protection status

His temporary protection status was deactivated under the G-78 restriction code, which is used for foreigners who are deemed to pose a public health threat due to infectious diseases. This deactivation prevented him from accessing his medications.

In an attempt to understand his situation and secure his medication, Ahmed visited the Kumkapı Foreigners’ Branch Directorate. There, he was detained and handcuffed for allegedly residing illegally and transferred to the Hadımköy Removal Center.

His lawyer, Hasan Kocapınar, filed a lawsuit to halt the deportation process. While awaiting the court’s decision, Ahmed was moved to the Adana Removal Center, where he could not access his medication, further deteriorating his health.

Kocapınar managed to get Ahmed transferred back to İstanbul, where he finally received his medication, but the interruption in his treatment had already severely affected his health.

Appeal to authorities

Kocapınar emphasized that denying Ahmed his right to treatment is a human rights violation. “Ahmed’s health has severely deteriorated due to the deprivation of his right to treatment and erroneous administrative actions. We will pursue all necessary legal avenues to restore his treatment rights,” he said.

He urged the authorities to honor international agreements and provide Ahmed with the care he needs, highlighting that sending Ahmed back to Syria would endanger his life, especially given his HIV status, which would make him a target for extremist groups.

Kocapınar also noted that Ahmed only has a three-month supply of medication left and emphasized the need for the Directorate General of Migration Management and the Directorate of Migration Affairs to resolve the issue. “Ahmed is currently held at the Arnavutköy Removal Center, where he does not have adequate access to his treatment. This is a human rights violation, and Ahmed’s right to health and life must be protected,” Kocapınar asserted.

G-78 Restriction Code

This code is applied to foreigners who carry infectious diseases that could threaten public health and safety, resulting in an indefinite ban on their entry to Turkey.

Russia: Immigrants deported for failing medical examination that includes HIV test

Bailiffs of Khakassia expelled 74 foreigners in six months

Translated from Russian by IA – Scroll down for article in Russian

In 2024, bailiffs of Khakassia expelled 74 foreign citizens from Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Georgia and Belarus from the Russian Federation. According to the UFSSP of Khakassia, they mainly exceeded the period of stay in Russia, and some were expelled for evading the mandatory rules of stay in the country, such as passing a medical commission.

The Beysky District Court established that an Azerbaijani citizen, after one year from the previous medical examination, did not pass the second medical commission. He also did not provide documents on the absence of the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the absence of infectious diseases that pose a danger to others, and a certificate of the absence of HIV infection.

The court found the foreign citizen guilty of committing an administrative offense and imposed a fine of 2 thousand rubles with subsequent administrative expulsion from Russia. Before the expulsion procedure, migrants are held in a specialized temporary detention facility. After purchasing travel documents, bailiffs of the special purpose department accompany foreign citizens to the checkpoint across the state border of Russia.


Судебные приставы Хакасии выдворили 74 иностранцев за полгода

В 2024 году судебные приставы Хакасии выдворили за пределы Российской Федерации 74 иностранных граждан из Таджикистана, Азербайджана, Узбекистана, Грузии и Белоруссии. Как рассказали в УФССП Хакасии, в основном они превысили срок пребывания в России, а некоторые были выдворены за уклонение от обязательных правил пребывания в стране, таких как прохождение медкомиссии.

Бейский районный суд установил, что гражданин Азербайджана, по истечении одного года с момента прохождения предыдущего медицинского освидетельствования, не прошёл повторную медкомиссию. Он также не предоставил документы об отсутствии фактов потребления наркотических средств и психотропных веществ, отсутствии инфекционных заболеваний, представляющих опасность для окружающих, и сертификат об отсутствии ВИЧ-инфекции.

Суд признал иностранного гражданина виновным в совершении административного правонарушения и назначил ему штраф в размере 2 тысяч рублей с последующим административным выдворением за пределы России. До процедуры выдворения мигранты содержатся в специализированном учреждении временного содержания. После приобретения проездных документов, судебные приставы отделения специального назначения сопровождают иностранных граждан до пункта пропуска через государственную границу России.

Australia: Migrant teacher with HIV caught in residency limbo despite job offers

Luca is a teacher in a skills crisis, but his HIV means he’s not allowed to stay

A migrant teacher denied permanent residency because he has been diagnosed with HIV says he has been barred by a discriminatory policy overseen by the government during a national skills crisis.

Italian national Luca, who has chosen a pseudonym because of the stigma associated with his condition, has been stuck in a limbo of temporary visas after he was refused a permanent skilled visa in 2013, with Immigration Minister Andrew Giles powerless to intervene.

“We hear it on the news every day there is a shortage of teachers and nurses,” said Luca, who teaches languages at a Melbourne high school, adding he often received job offers because of the dire need for teachers across the nation.

“Things have changed since I was first diagnosed … the stigma is not as strong as it used to be. I’m as healthy as I’ve ever been.”

The government can bar migrants from settling in Australia if their health requirements are deemed to be too costly for the public purse, a system that has led to many families with disabled children being told they must leave the country.

Welcoming Disability migration policy adviser Dr Jan Gothard said it was common for migrants to fail the health requirement for being HIV positive. “People who take HIV medication can undertake any work except some specialised medical procedures,” she said.

“They’re no less productive than any other member of the community. It doesn’t make any sense.”

Giles last year ordered a review into the significant cost threshold, the mechanism, currently set to $51,000 over 10 years, that determines if a visa applicant’s needs are too burdensome for the community.

“The minister retains the powers to intervene in cases where there are compassionate and compelling reasons for someone to be granted a visa,” a spokesperson for his office told this masthead when asked about Luca’s case.

But an email to Luca from Home Affairs in September last year said Giles had no power to intervene after that opportunity had been exhausted under the previous government in May 2017, when former assistant immigration minister Alex Hawke determined it wasn’t in the public interest to step in.

Hawke’s refusal came three years after the former Migration Review Tribunal found that Luca possessed skills that would benefit the Australian community but decided not to overturn the government’s decision to bar him from gaining permanency because of his HIV status.

After Hawke refused to intervene Luca was given three weeks to leave the country, before his employer appealed to the then-government to allow him to stay. He was granted a special visa with temporary working rights, before switching to a partner visa with his New Zealand partner.

However, Luca questioned whether he could stay in the country permanently on a temporary basis when he is allowed to reapply next year. “This is a difficult question because it has taken a toll,” he said. “I spent the whole of my 30s with this thing on the back of my mind. I wasn’t able to see my family for many years, not able to settle down and buy a house. I’m running out of options.”

Greens immigration spokesman David Shoebridge said Luca’s was a clear case where Home Affairs’ attitudes and policies had failed to take into account changing community sentiment and advances in medical treatment.

“In 2024, an HIV diagnosis should not be a reason for Home Affairs to refuse permanent residency in Australia,” he said. “We need a federal government that fights this kind of misinformed stigma on HIV, not one that reinforces it.”

Russia: Medical documents showing negative HIV status and no drug addiction required for stays over 90 days

Migrants may be required to provide the Ministry of Internal Affairs with a certificate of the absence of HIV infection

Automated translation – For original article in Russian, please scroll down

MOSCOW, November 19. / TASS /. Labor migrants and foreign citizens who have arrived in Russia for a period of more than 90 days may be obliged to provide the Ministry of Internal Affairs with medical documents showing the absence of drug addiction and HIV infection from December 29. This follows from the draft order prepared by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which was reviewed by TASS.

“To approve the procedure for submission by foreign citizens and stateless persons who arrived in the Russian Federation for purposes not related to the implementation of labor activities, for a period exceeding 90 calendar days, or for the purpose of labor activity, to the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation <…> documents confirming the passage of a medical examination for the presence or absence of the fact of their use of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without a doctor’s prescription or new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances, infectious diseases that pose a danger to others, <…> and a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV -infection) “, – the document says. At the same time, it is noted that “this order comes into force on December 29, 2021”.

As follows from the document, foreigners must submit medical documents to the Ministry of Internal Affairs within 30 days from the date of expiration of the previously issued medical documents confirming that they have passed a medical examination. In the event that a foreign citizen has not reached the age of 18 or is recognized by a court as incompetent, documents can be submitted by one of his parents, guardians or trustees.

“Medical documents can be submitted at the place of residence of a foreign citizen on paper – directly to the migration department of the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, or to an enterprise or an authorized organization, or in the form of an electronic document signed with an enhanced qualified electronic signature, using the federal state information the system “A single portal of state and municipal services (functions)” to the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, “the draft order says.

In the event that the documents are drawn up in a foreign language, then they must be translated into Russian, the correctness of which must be notarized. Upon admission, the authorized person must check the full compliance of the documents with the established standards, and then issue a certificate of receipt. At the same time, if a migrant submits medical documents in electronic form, then an electronic message is sent to him about their acceptance no later than the working day following the day they were received. Subsequently, information about the receipt of medical documents is entered into the information system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, intended for the provision of public services, within three working days from the date of their receipt.


Мигрантов могут обязать предоставлять в МВД справки об отсутствии ВИЧ-инфекции

Приказ может вступить в силу 29 декабря
МОСКВА, 19 ноября. /ТАСС/. Трудовых мигрантов и иностранных граждан, прибывших в Россию на срок более 90 дней, могут обязать с 29 декабря предоставлять в МВД медицинские документы об отсутствии у них наркозависимости и ВИЧ-инфекции. Это следует из подготовленного МВД РФ проекта приказа, с которым ознакомился ТАСС.

“Утвердить порядок представления иностранными гражданами и лицами без гражданства, прибывшими в РФ в целях, не связанных с осуществлением трудовой деятельности, на срок, превышающий 90 календарных дней, либо в целях осуществления трудовой деятельности, в территориальный орган МВД РФ <…> медицинских документов, подтверждающих прохождение медицинского освидетельствования на наличие или отсутствие факта употребления ими наркотических средств или психотропных веществ без назначения врача либо новых потенциально опасных психоактивных веществ, инфекционных заболеваний, представляющих опасность для окружающих, <…> и заболевания, вызываемого вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ-инфекции)”, – говорится в документе. При этом отмечается, что “настоящий приказ вступает в силу с 29 декабря 2021 года”.

Как следует из документа, представить медицинские документы в МВД иностранцы должны в течение 30 дней со дня истечения срока действия ранее выданных медицинских документов, подтверждающих прохождение ими медицинского освидетельствования. В случае, если иностранный гражданин не достиг 18 лет или признан судом недееспособным, документы может представить один из его родителей, опекунов или попечителей.

“Медицинские документы могут быть представлены по месту пребывания иностранного гражданина на бумажном носителе – непосредственно в подразделение по вопросам миграции территориального органа МВД России, либо в предприятие или уполномоченную организацию, либо в форме электронного документа, подписанного усиленной квалифицированной электронной подписью, с использованием федеральной государственной информационной системы “Единый портал государственных и муниципальных услуг (функций)” в территориальный орган МВД России”, – отмечается в проекте приказа.

В том случае, если документы составлены на иностранном языке, то они подлежат переводу на русский язык, верность которого должна быть нотариально засвидетельствована. Уполномоченное лицо при приеме должно проверить полное соответствии документов установленным нормам, после чего выдать справку об их получении. При этом, если мигрант подает медицинские документы в электронном виде, то ему направляется электронное сообщение об их приеме не позднее рабочего дня, следующего за днем их получения. В последующем сведения о получении медицинских документов вносятся в информационную систему МВД России, предназначенную для предоставления государственных услуг, в течение трех рабочих дней с даты их получения.

New Zealand: HIV no longer blocks residency in New Zealand, but mandatory testing stays

Immigration removes HIV from list of high cost conditions

HIV is no longer considered a high cost condition following a policy review by the Immigration Minister. However, NZ is still among just 18 countries that will require migrants to get an HIV test for a visa or residence.

HIV infection has been removed from Immigration New Zealand’s list of medical conditions deemed likely to impose significant costs or demands on New Zealand’s health services after a review.

Immigration NZ has a list of more than 40 medical conditions, including HIV, deemed to impose “significant costs” on the public health system and/or education services.

Migrants seeking to apply for a work to residence visa have to complete a character test, which includes a police check, as well as a medical check known as the Acceptable Standard of Health (Ash) test.

New Zealand’s publicly-funded health services are tax-funded and provide universal coverage for citizens, residents, and people on work visas staying for more than two years.

An Immigration NZ medical assessor determines whether the applicant is unlikely to impose significant costs on health services to pass the medical test. If applicants don’t meet the Ash requirements then they can seek a medical waiver.

For more than a decade, Immigration NZ has kept the threshold of “significant costs” at $41,000 per year within a period of five years from the date the assessment against health requirements is made or a lifetime if it is a chronic condition.

After years of advocacy, Immigration NZ has decided to remove HIV infection from the list.

However, New Zealand will continue to require HIV testing as a requirement for visa applicants intending to stay for more than 12 months, along with all other existing examination and test requirements.

INZ policy integration director Nick Aldous says the decision to remove HIV infection from Immigration NZ’s list of high-cost health conditions is because it is now considered to be a manageable chronic illness, and treatment costs are no longer considered significant.

However, Aldous says the continued testing requirement for visa applicants intending to stay in the country for more than a year is because HIV is still considered a serious chronic illness and can present a risk to public health given it’s easily spread through unprotected sexual contact and sharing contaminated needles.

The change came into effect on October 15.

According to the United Nations AIDS Still Not Welcome report published in 2019, 203 countries, territories and areas did not have any HIV-related restrictions on entry, stay and residence.

“We are so glad that the tireless mahi over many years has resulted in this step towards dismantling HIV stigma at an immigration level and has brought our country’s policies closer in line with the latest scientific and public health recommendations. It’s a proud moment.”
– Jason Myers, New Zealand AIDS Foundation

New Zealand is among 18 countries that still did, including Australia and Israel.

In a letter to the New Zealand AIDS Foundation, Immigration NZ chief medical officer Rob Kofoed said the removal of HIV infection from the list meant the individual health circumstances of each visa applicant with the condition could be assessed on a case by case basis.

INZ was previously obliged to determine that a resident visa applicant with HIV did not have an acceptable standard of health.

​​New Zealand AIDS Foundation chief executive Jason Myers said the decision came as a relief.

With appropriate treatment, he said, people living with HIV who maintained undetectable viral load do not transmit the virus through sexual contact, and treating HIV here no longer poses significant costs on the public health budget.

“We are so glad that the tireless mahi over many years has resulted in this step towards dismantling HIV stigma at an immigration level and has brought our country’s policies closer in line with the latest scientific and public health recommendations. It’s a proud moment.”

Myers did not comment on the requirement for testing still being part of the visa and residence process.

An Indian migrant, who did not want to be named, told Newsroom he is relieved by the news.

The man who was tested positive for HIV last year says INZ’s policy added to the anxiety and uncertainty he felt when he first learnt of his diagnosis.

“There is still a lot of stigma attached to it back home. I had many sleepless nights. I didn’t know how to tell my family back home, or work,” he says.

“I contacted lawyers last year who told me it is going to be really hard to apply for residency because it’s not up to acceptable health standards.”

But the man says removing the condition from the high cost list was “life changing” for him.

“I feel like the battle is finally over. No more having to convince immigration and the Ministry of Health. I think it’s a celebration for migrants.”

But he says INZ should do away with the ongoing requirement of testing for HIV, as it has removed it from the list of medical conditions.

“It’s irrelevant. If they’re removing it from the list, then why would you want to do the test? That’s not clear to me.”

Green Party MP Ricardo Menéndez March is seeking a full review of the “ableist” medical requirements from Immigration Minister Kris Faafoi.

Menéndez March said ideally the list should be removed from the health criteria qualifying residency, saying he was disappointed that migrants would still be required to undertake HIV tests for visas.

“For too long the Government has stigmatised migrants living with HIV and prevented them from being able to obtain visas on the basis of their diagnosis.

“Mandatory HIV testing for migrants only compounds to the existing stigma and the Ministry of Health released a report making it clear HIV testing should remain voluntary and only undertaken with the patient’s knowledge, consent and understanding that an HIV test is recommended.”

Disability advocates have also been calling on INZ to remove these medical requirements.

Faafoi told Newsroom last week he planned to review the Ash threshold.

“The details of the health requirements are still being worked through and will be made publicly available once immigration instructions have been signed.”

The Ash requirements for the newly announced one-off 2021 Resident Visa would not be reviewed, he said.

“The health requirements will be limited and will only screen for the most serious health conditions.”

Russia: Law prohibiting migrants living with HIV from staying in the country does not just legalise discrimination, it also endangers their lives

“You have HIV, you have to leave”

Automated Google translation – For original article in Russian, please scroll down

Russia still has a law prohibiting HIV-infected migrants from staying in the country. This norm does not just legalise discrimination – it puts people in mortal danger who could receive treatment and live a normal life.

In the SIZO “Kresty” a “feeding trough” was opened – a hole through which food is passed to the arrested. A woman looked through the window and shouted: “Ramis – who?”

Ramis went to the “trough”.

– Congratulations, you have HIV. Come on, sign. If you infect someone, imprisonment for up to three years.

The woman left, the trough closed. Ramis turned and looked at the inmates:

– What was it?

Ramis came to St. Petersburg from Kyrgyzstan, worked as a driver. Ten years ago, he came home from work late at night, fell asleep at the wheel and got into a traffic accident. Ramis could not compensate for the damage for the wrecked car.

“The company has disclaimed responsibility: I had to work eight hours, but it turned out thirteen,” Ramis says. – I was delayed because the car needed to be repaired. I could have left it [at the car service], but there was a product inside it, [so] I waited for the repair, took the product, and on the way back it happened.

Ramis spent five months in a pre-trial detention center, he was sentenced to two years in a penal colony. At home, the man has a wife and son.

All this time, Ramis did not receive antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, despite his positive HIV status. Migrants in Russia do not have the right to this treatment, and even more so in prisons there is no access to the necessary medicines. The man did not know anything about the disease, his cellmates had already told him something about the virus.

Ramis was released in 2013. Of the documents, he only had a certificate of release. He was stopped immediately on the way from the colony to St. Petersburg, detained and sent to the center for those who are awaiting deportation.

Ramis spent another six months there, during which he became ill and developed tuberculosis of the lymph nodes. The man was taken to the hospital and again confirmed to be HIV positive. After that, the deportation process accelerated: there was another trial, and the employees of the migration service took Ramis to the airport.

Ramis recalls that before the deportation he was directly told:

– As we enter the airport, you take off your mask, do not talk about the temperature or tuberculosis, otherwise you will be returned again, they will not be allowed on the plane.

– The doctor told me to return to my homeland, I had to start taking ARV therapy, otherwise I would not have cured tuberculosis. I had to take off my mask and say that everything is fine with me, ”Ramis says. – As soon as they took off, I got dizzy. This five-hour flight seemed like an eternity to me. Honestly, I thought I was going to die.

Come and get infected here

In Russia, there is a law according to which migrants with HIV are denied treatment and deported to their homeland. The norm appeared in the country in 1995 as a fight against the spread of the virus. Initially, the law was passed in an environment when HIV was not yet a widespread disease.

The authorities believed that the epidemic in Russia could be prevented by limiting the flow of people with HIV, says Daniil Kashnitsky, junior researcher at the Institute for Social Policy at the Higher School of Economics. But by the end of the nineties, HIV still spread throughout Russia, including through injecting drug use, because people shared syringes.

Daniel emphasizes that now in the countries from which migrants most often come to Russia – Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova – the level of HIV prevalence is lower than in Russia.

– In Ukraine, it is slightly lower, and in other countries – significantly, four to five times. Today we are not talking about the fact that someone comes to Russia en masse with HIV, but rather the opposite: they come and get infected with HIV here, ” says Kashnitsky. – This is evidenced by the data of epidemiological surveillance among migrants who returned to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Again, this is not due to the fact that they have come to a country with a high prevalence of the disease, but because they have an increased risk of life.

Daniel considers a break with his family, a lack of help and older relatives to watch over those who left, as an increased risk of his life. As a result, migrants have more freedom to engage in sexual relations and may start using drugs.

“I lived without a wife for three years,” Ramis says. – Conducted, as they say, promiscuous sex. I got HIV through the bed.

You must pay back your debts first

When obtaining or renewing a patent, as well as a residence permit in Russia, people need to take an HIV test. The procedure usually takes place at migration centers. There is a large flow of people there, and if someone finds a virus, as a rule, no one advises him or explains anything. They just say, “You have HIV, you have to leave.”

“This news hits a man on the head like a sack,” says Kashnitsky. – In rural areas of Tajikistan, for example, the average salary is $ 100, which is enough only for food. To come to Russia and pay for a patent, people borrow money from relatives, friends, and banks. First, you have to repay these debts, and then only start working as a plus for yourself.

Migrants who came to Russia to work do not want to deceive the expectations of their relatives. In addition, HIV is a stigma, so migrants are the last to want to talk about the disease to their loved ones. Therefore, they hide their status and start working illegally, especially in Russia there is still the possibility of working in the gray zone.

Thus, the prohibition of migrants with HIV to stay in Russia has many negative consequences. A person who has been diagnosed with a virus is literally pushed into the illegal sphere. Not only does he not receive the necessary treatment, – being left without a patent and a residence permit, the migrant is not protected by the law in any way, at any moment he risks losing his job and salary, becomes especially vulnerable to the police: if he is stopped on the street, he will have to give a bribe.

Ilgiz decided to work in the gray zone. In 2019, he came to Moscow from Uzbekistan to work in his specialty. But it didn’t work out. Through a mobile application, Ilgiz met a young man who offered him to “work as an escort.”

– After he told me this, we had a fight, it even came to a fight. But I had to send home a serious amount, and it was impossible to achieve this with my earnings in Moscow.

Ilgiz went home and, as he says, “thought hard.” The apartment in which his parents lived was put up for auction for debts on utility bills. They were given sixty days to pay the fines.

The young man returned to Moscow and agreed to work.

– I deceived myself, reassured myself that it was temporary, that I would think of something and return back to normal life. But I went into this more and more. I started dating serious, big people. They asked for proof that I was healthy – every three months I was checked. And something suddenly told me that something was wrong with me.

The very bottom

At the state medical center, Ilgiz’s fears were confirmed. The doctor told him that he had a huge viral load and had HIV.

– I decided: I must kill myself. He worked out various options: jump off the floor, hang himself, get poisoned, throw himself under the car. But I realized that dead will bring more problems to my family than alive. It is very difficult to take a corpse from Russia home.

The young man was not provided with psychological support at the medical center, but the specialist immediately began to insist that Ilgiz provide his passport data, convincing him that he would not transfer them anywhere.

“I knew that as soon as I provided them, I would be deported. I was not afraid of being deported to my homeland, but the very reason – because of HIV – scared me. I didn’t want anyone to know about this, ”Ilgiz says. – I value my parents very much, I am afraid to shock them with such news – they may even abandon me. I have not received anything in this life, the most precious thing in it is my mom and dad, I cannot lose them.

Ilgiz did not disclose his personal data, did not tell his relatives about the disease and stayed to work in Russia. But he decided to lead a different way of life and tries not to return to the past.

In addition to difficulties with work, foreigners with HIV cannot receive education in Russia, even for a fee. Four years ago, Amir came from Uzbekistan to study dentistry in Tver. He was in his last year of college when he found out that he was ill.

Like Ilgiz, no one consulted Amir about the disease. Instead, doctors began to insist that he should be registered – as if then he would be able to receive therapy free of charge, like other foreigners.

– Of course, it was a hoax, – Amir is indignant. – Only after they took my data, they told me about the deportation. The state then was … the very bottom. What deportation? I cannot quit my studies, I have already studied to be a dentist for seven years. Plus, I belong to the MSM community (men who have sex with men. The term is adopted in organizations helping people with HIV. – Approx. TD ). Coming back would have ended very badly.

Amir learned of his status in January 2020. He still hasn’t told anyone about it. The young man just wanted to tell the guy about it, who most likely infected him. But they did not see each other for a year, and Amir could not find him and talk to him.

– In my homeland, everyone thinks that only sinners are sick with HIV. I myself was brought up with such convictions. They do not know that there is therapy, that those who are being treated are not contagious, everyone thinks that if you have HIV, you are doomed. But now I have been living for a year, and everything is in order.

It just needs to be done, and that’s it.

Migrants with HIV who remain illegally in Russia do not have access to routine healthcare. They can only rely on emergency medical assistance.

Due to the fact that migrants cannot take ARV therapy, their immunity decreases, the viral load grows, and complications begin. By the time they get to the hospital, they already need long-term treatment, which the Russian state is obliged to provide them.

But even access to emergency medicine can be difficult. In anticipation of deportation, Ramis spent several months in the temporary detention center for foreign citizens, for a long time he kept a temperature of forty degrees. He started treating tuberculosis only in Kyrgyzstan.

– I was in the hospital for four months. It was very bad without money. I was operated there: without anesthesia – “without shit” – they cut me.

Unfavorable discrimination

The Regional Expert Group on the Health of Migrants in the EECA region calculated that hospitalization and inpatient treatment of migrants with HIV costs Russia more than providing them with ARV therapy. Thus, the country spends more than 220 thousand rubles per person with an advanced HIV case in a hospital, and a course of an annual ARV therapy would cost about 85 thousand.

If Russia legalizes people with HIV, they will be able to return to their homeland, register with an AIDS center, receive treatment and continue working in Russia.

“We don’t even require today to set a budget for the treatment of migrants with HIV – it’s enough just to remove the rule on expulsion,” says Daniil Kashnitsky. – For some reason, doctors and officials believe that the abolition of deportation will necessarily lead to an increase in costs, but this is not so. Absolutely no one will suffer from this, and there will be many advantages. It just needs to be done, and that’s it.

Many countries abolished similar deportation rules 10-15 years ago. According to Daniil Kashnitsky, HIV is a pandemic and the closure of borders does not help the fight against the spread of the virus. The European Court of Human Rights demanded from Russia a complete refusal to discriminate against HIV-positive foreigners back in 2016, but during this time the legislation has not changed in any way.

In April, State Duma deputy Fedot Tumusov submitted to the Russian government a bill proposing to abolish the mandatory deportation of migrants with HIV if they receive ARV therapy. Denis Kamaldinov, chairman of the board of the non-profit organization Humanitarian Project, is confident that the initiative will improve the situation with the disease.

– The person who is on therapy will not transmit the virus to others. This will partly solve the problem of prevention, says Kamaldinov. – If labor migrants are in the country legally, then the country needs them. This means that it is important to verify all the mechanisms for legalizing these people, regardless of their HIV status.

According to Kamaldinov, if the countries where migrants come from agree to provide them with therapy, then it will be necessary to decide who will control the treatment. He believes that adherence to therapy should be monitored in the health care system, and not in the migration service.

– It is important to calculate the capacity of the health care system to monitor and accompany migrants, or to work out the mechanisms that are associated with the fact that a person provides analyzes for local health care.

Tumusov hoped that the initiative would be successful:

– At least if you look at things objectively.

But in mid-July, the government received a negative response to the bill. The response (available to the editorial office) specifies that there are no legal grounds for providing migrants with therapy at the expense of foreign states. Bans on the entry and residence of foreign citizens and stateless persons with HIV, according to the document, were established “in order to prevent the spread of HIV infection in the territory of the Russian Federation”. The only exceptions are people who have family members, children or parents who have citizenship or permanently reside in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Never ask for help

Traditionally, it is believed that HIV is spread only in certain groups: among homosexuals, injecting drug users. Their risk of infection is indeed higher, but, according to official data, the main route of transmission of the virus in Russia is through sex with heterosexual partners. Because of prejudice about the spread of the virus, people with HIV do not get tested, are unaware of their status, infect partners and exacerbate the pandemic. In 2019, 1,068,839 people were registered in Russia living with HIV.

According to Kashnitsky, there is no data that would indicate that HIV prevalence trends among migrants differ. Throughout the EECA region, the proportion of sexual transmission is increasing and the proportion of HIV transmission through injecting drug use is decreasing.

To combat the epidemic, every HIV-positive person must have access to ARV therapy. On average, over three months of treatment, the viral load decreases so much that a person cannot infect other people, even his sexual partner, with unprotected sex.

According to the research platform “To be precise,” only 44% of people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy in Russia in 2019. This is due to underfunding of AIDS centers, outdated treatment protocols, as well as stigma around the disease – people are afraid to seek help. Someone is worried that acquaintances will find out that difficulties may arise at work; migrants also fear expulsion from the country.

“Migrants with HIV will never seek help,” Ramis says. – They know: they will be deported for life.

Visitors with HIV not only do not go to doctors, but also do not undergo official testing for the presence of the disease due to fear of expulsion. Therefore, there is no complete epidemiological picture of the number of HIV-positive migrants. According to official data, in 2019, 97 thousand Russians and only 2 thousand newcomers were diagnosed with HIV.

“Official testing data is the tip of the iceberg,” says Daniel. – We have no way of believing that HIV-positive migrants pose any risk for Russians.

***

All the heroes of this article have achieved zero viral load. Ilgiz, with the help of the foundation, contacted the doctor, who wrote out a treatment plan for him, and he himself buys the medicines at the pharmacy. Amir is receiving therapy at a non-profit organization. Both remain in Russia for the time being illegally. Ramis has been receiving medicines at the AIDS Center in Kyrgyzstan for six years.

“Deportation is wrong,” Ilgiz believes. – Every person is wrong – you do not know what will happen tomorrow. So I didn’t know. I was sure, not one hundred, but a thousand percent that this would not happen to me, I protected myself, took pre-exposure and post-exposure therapy, passed tests. But I got sick anyway. But the main thing is that I know about my status and I am undergoing treatment.

Ramis did not see his wife and son for two years after returning to his homeland – he communicated with them only by phone. He believed that with so many problems and HIV-positive status, he could no longer have a family. Then Ramis started working in an organization that helps people with HIV and tuberculosis.

– Doctors from the center asked me why I didn’t invite my wife and son to my place. I laughed: “Why are you driving? I have so many problems. ” And then I decided to call them. For another two years, under various pretexts, I had sex with my wife with a condom. But then I realized that with therapy I could have a healthy child and not infect my wife. Our daughter is eight months old.


«У вас ВИЧ, вы должны уехать»

В России до сих пор действует закон, запрещающий находиться на территории страны мигрантам с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Эта норма не просто легализует дискриминацию — она подвергает смертельной опасности людей, которые могли бы получать лечение и жить самой обычной жизнью

В СИЗО «Кресты» открылась «кормушка» — отверстие, через которое арестованным передают еду. В окошко заглянула женщина и крикнула: «Рамис — кто?»

Рамис подошел к «кормушке».

— Поздравляю, у вас ВИЧ. Давайте, расписывайтесь. Если кого-то заразите, лишение свободы до трех лет.

Женщина ушла, кормушка закрылась. Рамис повернулся, посмотрел на сокамерников:

— Че это было-то?

Рамис приехал в Санкт-Петербург из Кыргызстана, работал водителем. Десять лет назад он поздно ночью возвращался с работы, уснул за рулем и попал в дорожно-транспортное происшествие. Возместить ущерб за разбитую машину Рамис не смог.

— Компания сняла с себя ответственность: я должен был работать восемь часов, а вышло тринадцать, — говорит Рамис. — Я задержался из-за того, что машину нужно было ремонтировать. Я мог бы ее оставить [в автосервисе], но внутри нее был товар, [поэтому] я дождался ремонта, отвез товар, и по пути назад это случилось.

Пять месяцев Рамис провел в СИЗО, его приговорили к двум годам колонии-поселения. На родине у мужчины остались жена и сын.

Все это время Рамис не получал антиретровирусную (АРВ) терапию, несмотря на положительный ВИЧ-статус. У мигрантов в России нет права на это лечение, а в тюрьмах тем более нет доступа к необходимым медикаментам. О заболевании мужчина ничего не знал, что-то о вирусе рассказали ему уже сокамерники.

Рамис вышел на свободу в 2013 году. Из документов у него была только справка об освобождении. Его остановили сразу по пути из колонии в Санкт-Петербург, задержали и отправили в центр для тех, кого ждет депортация.

Там Рамис провел еще шесть месяцев, во время которых ему стало плохо, развился туберкулез лимфатических узлов. Мужчину отвезли в больницу и снова подтвердили, что у него ВИЧ. После этого процесс депортации ускорился: прошел еще один суд, и сотрудники миграционной службы доставили Рамиса в аэропорт.

Рамис вспоминает, что перед депортацией ему прямо сказали:

— Как в аэропорт зайдем, ты сними маску, не говори про температуру или туберкулез, а то тебя опять вернут, в самолет не пустят.

— Мне врач велела вернуться на родину, нужно было начать принимать АРВ-терапию, иначе я не вылечил бы туберкулез. Пришлось мне маску снять и сказать, что у меня все хорошо, — говорит Рамис. — Как только взлетели, у меня головокружение началось. Этот пятичасовой перелет мне показался вечностью. Честно скажу, я думал, что сдохну.

Приезжают и здесь заражаются

В России действует закон, по которому мигрантам с ВИЧ отказывают в лечении и депортируют их на родину. Норма появилась в стране в 1995 году в качестве борьбы с распространением вируса. Изначально закон принимали в условиях, когда ВИЧ еще не был повсеместным заболеванием.

Власти считали, что эпидемию в России можно предотвратить, если ограничить поток людей с ВИЧ, рассказывает младший научный сотрудник Института социальной политики НИУ ВШЭ Даниил Кашницкий. Но уже к концу девяностых ВИЧ все равно распространился по всей России, в том числе из-за употребления инъекционных наркотиков, потому что люди пользовались общими шприцами.

Даниил подчеркивает, что сейчас в странах, откуда чаще всего приезжают мигранты в Россию, — Узбекистане, Таджикистане, Украине, Кыргызстане и Молдове — уровень распространения ВИЧ ниже, чем в России.

— На Украине немного ниже, а в остальных странах — значительно, в четыре-пять раз. Сегодня речь не идет о том, что кто-то в Россию приезжает массово с ВИЧ, а, скорее, наоборот: они приезжают и здесь заражаются ВИЧ-инфекцией, — говорит Кашницкий. — Об этом свидетельствуют данные эпидемиологического надзора среди мигрантов, вернувшихся в Узбекистан и Таджикистан. И опять же это происходит не из-за того, что они приехали в страну с высокой распространенностью заболевания, а потому, что у них повышенный риск жизни.

К повышенному риску жизни Даниил относит разрыв с семьей, отсутствие помощи и старших родственников, которые бы следили за уехавшими. В результате мигранты свободнее вступают в сексуальные отношения, могут начать употреблять наркотики.

— Я без жены три года жил, — рассказывает Рамис. — Вел, как это говорится, беспорядочные половые связи. Через постель у меня появился ВИЧ.

Сначала ты должен вернуть долги

При получении или продлении патента, а также вида на жительство в России людям необходимо сдать тест на ВИЧ. Процедура обычно проходит в миграционных центрах. Там большой поток людей, и если у кого-то находят вирус, его, как правило, никто не консультирует и ничего не объясняет. Просто говорят: «У вас ВИЧ, вы должны уехать».

— Эта новость как мешком ударяет человека по голове, — говорит Кашницкий. — В сельской местности Таджикистана, например, средняя зарплата — 100 долларов, ее хватает только на еду. Люди, чтобы приехать в Россию и оплатить патент, одалживают деньги у родных, друзей, в банках. Сначала ты должен вернуть эти долги, а потом уже только начать работать в плюс для себя.

Мигранты, приехавшие в Россию на заработки, не хотят обманывать ожидания родных. Кроме того, ВИЧ — это стигма, поэтому мигранты в последнюю очередь хотят рассказывать о заболевании своим близким. Поэтому они скрывают свой статус и начинают работать нелегально, тем более в России до сих пор сохраняется возможность работы в серой зоне.

Таким образом, запрет мигрантам с ВИЧ находиться в России имеет множество негативных последствий. Человека, у которого выявили вирус, буквально выталкивают в нелегальную сферу. Он не только не получает необходимого лечения, — оставаясь без патента и вида на жительство, мигрант никак не защищен законом, в любой момент рискует лишиться работы и зарплаты, становится особенно уязвимым перед полицией: если остановят на улице, придется давать взятку.

Работать в серой зоне решил Ильгиз. Он в 2019 году приехал в Москву из Узбекистана работать по специальности. Но не вышло. Через мобильное приложение Ильгиз познакомился с молодым человеком, который предложил ему «работать эскортом».

— После того как он это мне сказал, мы с ним поругались, дошло даже до драки. Но мне нужно было отправить домой серьезную сумму, а моими заработками в Москве этого добиться было невозможно.

Ильгиз уехал домой и, как он говорит, «подумал хорошенько». Квартиру, в которой жили его родители, выставили на аукцион за долги по коммунальным счетам. Им дали шестьдесят дней, чтобы оплатить штрафы.

Молодой человек вернулся в Москву и согласился на работу.

— Я обманывал себя, успокаивал, что это временно, что я что-то придумаю и вернусь обратно к нормальной жизни. Но я уходил в это все сильнее. Я начал встречаться с серьезными, большими людьми. Они просили доказательства, что я здоров, — каждые три месяца я проверялся. И что-то мне вдруг подсказало, что со мной что-то не так.

Самое дно

В государственном медицинском центре опасения Ильгиза подтвердились. Врач сказал ему, что у него огромная вирусная нагрузка и он болен ВИЧ.

— Я решил: надо убить себя. Прорабатывал разные варианты: спрыгнуть с этажа, повеситься, отравиться, броситься под машину. Но я понял, что мертвый принесу своей семье больше проблем, чем живой. Вывезти труп из России на родину очень сложно.

Психологической поддержки в медцентре молодому человеку не оказали, но специалист сразу начал настаивать на том, чтобы Ильгиз предоставил свои паспортные данные, убеждая, что никуда не будет их передавать.

— Я знал, что, как только предоставлю их, меня депортируют. Я не боялся выдворения на родину, но сам повод — из-за ВИЧ — меня пугал. Я не хотел, чтобы об этом кто-то узнал, — говорит Ильгиз. — Я очень дорожу родителями, такими новостями я боюсь их шокировать — они могут даже отказаться от меня. Я в этой жизни ничего не получил, самое дорогое в ней — мои мама и папа, их я не могу потерять.

Ильгиз не раскрыл свои личные данные, не рассказал о заболевании родным и остался работать в России. Но решил вести другой образ жизни и старается не возвращаться к прошлому.

Помимо трудностей с работой, иностранцы с ВИЧ не могут в России получать образование, даже платно. Четыре года назад учиться на стоматолога в Тверь из Узбекистана приехал Амир. Он был на последнем курсе института, когда узнал, что болен.

Так же как и Ильгиза, Амира никто не проконсультировал о заболевании. Вместо этого врачи стали настаивать, что ему надо встать на учет — якобы тогда он сможет бесплатно получать терапию, как и другие иностранцы.

— Конечно, это было обманом, — возмущается Амир. — Только после того, как они забрали мои данные, мне сказали о депортации. Состояние тогда было… самое дно. Какая депортация? Я не могу бросить учебу, я семь лет уже проучился на стоматолога. Плюс я отношусь к сообществу МСМ (мужчины, занимающиеся сексом с мужчинами. Термин принят в организациях, помогающих людям с ВИЧ. — Прим. ТД). Возвращение обратно закончилось бы очень плохо.

Амир узнал о своем статусе в январе 2020 года. Он до сих пор об этом никому не сказал. Молодой человек только хотел рассказать об этом парню, который, скорее всего, его заразил. Но они не виделись год, и Амир не смог его найти и поговорить с ним.

— На моей родине все считают, что ВИЧ болеют только грешники. Я сам был воспитан в таких убеждениях. Там не знают, что есть терапия, что те, кто лечится, не заразны, все думают, что если у тебя ВИЧ, то ты обречен. Но вот я уже год живу, и все в порядке.

Это просто надо сделать, и все

У мигрантов с ВИЧ, которые остаются нелегально в России, нет доступа к плановой медицине. Они могут рассчитывать только на экстренную помощь врачей.

Из-за того что мигранты не могут принимать АРВ-терапию, их иммунитет снижается, вирусная нагрузка растет, начинаются осложнения. К тому моменту, когда они попадают в больницу, им уже требуется длительное лечение, которое российское государство им обязано предоставить.

Но даже с доступом к экстренной медицине могут возникнуть трудности. В ожидании депортации Рамис провел в центре временного содержания иностранных граждан несколько месяцев, долгое время у него держалась температура сорок градусов. Лечить туберкулез он начал только в Кыргызстане.

— Четыре месяца я был в больнице. Без денег было очень плохо. Мне операцию там делали: без наркоза — «без ни хрена» — они меня резали.

Невыгодная дискриминация

В Региональной экспертной группе по здоровью мигрантов в регионе ВЕЦА подсчитали, что госпитализация и стационарное лечение мигрантов с ВИЧ обходятся России дороже, чем их обеспечение АРВ-терапией. Так, страна тратит больше 220 тысяч рублей на одного человека с запущенным случаем ВИЧ в больнице, а курс годовой АРВ-терапии стоил бы около 85 тысяч.

Если Россия легализует людей с ВИЧ, они смогут вернуться на родину, встать на учет в СПИД-центре, получить лечение и продолжить работать в России.

— Мы даже не требуем сегодня закладывать бюджет на лечение мигрантов с ВИЧ — достаточно просто убрать норму о выдворении, — говорит Даниил Кашницкий. — Врачи, чиновники почему-то считают, что отмена депортации обязательно повлечет за собой рост расходов, но это не так. От этого абсолютно никто не пострадает, а плюсов будет много. Это просто надо сделать, и все.

Многие страны отменили схожие нормы о депортации 10—15 лет назад. По словам Даниила Кашницкого, ВИЧ — это пандемия и закрытие границ не помогает борьбе с распространением вируса. Европейский суд по правам человека требовал от России полного отказа от дискриминации ВИЧ-положительных иностранцев еще в 2016 году, но за это время законодательство никак не изменилось.

В апреле депутат Государственной Думы Федот Тумусов направил на рассмотрение правительства России законопроект, предлагающий отменить обязательную депортацию мигрантов с ВИЧ, если они получают АРВ-терапию. Председатель правления некоммерческой организации «Гуманитарный проект» Денис Камалдинов уверен, что инициатива улучшит ситуацию с заболеваемостью.

— Человек, который принимает терапию, не будет передавать вирус другим. Отчасти это решит проблему профилактики, — говорит Камалдинов. — Если трудовые мигранты находятся в стране легально, значит они нужны стране. Значит, важно верифицировать все механизмы легализации этих людей вне зависимости от ВИЧ-статуса.

По мнению Камалдинова, если страны, откуда мигранты приезжают, согласятся обеспечивать их терапией, дальше нужно будет решить, кто станет контролировать лечение. Он считает, что за приверженностью к терапии должны следить в системе здравоохранения, а не в миграционной службе.

— Важно рассчитать возможности системы здравоохранения по наблюдению и сопровождению мигрантов либо отработать механизмы, которые связаны с тем, что человек предоставляет анализы для местного здравоохранения.

Тумусов рассчитывал, что инициатива будет успешна:

— По крайней мере, если смотреть на вещи объективно.

Но в середине июля от правительства пришел отрицательный отзыв на законопроект. В отзыве (есть в распоряжении редакции) уточняется, что нет правовых оснований для обеспечения мигрантов терапией за счет средств иностранных государств. Запреты на въезд и проживание иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства с ВИЧ, согласно документу, установлены «в целях предупреждения распространения ВИЧ-инфекции на территории Российской Федерации». Исключение составляют только люди, у которых есть члены семьи, дети или родители, имеющие гражданство или постоянно проживающие на территории РФ.

Никогда не обратятся за помощью

Традиционно считается, что ВИЧ распространен лишь в определенных группах: среди гомосексуалов, инъекционных наркопотребителей. Риск заражения у них действительно выше, но, согласно официальным данным, основной путь передачи вируса в России — секс гетеросексуальных партнеров. Из-за предубеждений о распространении вируса люди с ВИЧ не сдают анализы, не знают о своем статусе, заражают партнеров и усугубляют пандемию. В 2019 году в России было зарегистрировано 1 068 839 человек, живущих с ВИЧ-инфекцией.

По словам Кашницкого, нет данных, которые бы говорили, что среди мигрантов тенденции распространения ВИЧ отличаются. По всему региону ВЕЦА растет доля сексуального пути передачи и сокращается доля передачи ВИЧ при употреблении инъекционных наркотиков.

Для борьбы с эпидемией доступ к АРВ-терапии должен быть у каждого ВИЧ-положительного человека. В среднем за три месяца лечения вирусная нагрузка снижается настолько, что человек не может заразить других людей, даже своего полового партнера при незащищенном сексе.

Согласно данным исследовательской платформы «Если быть точным», антиретровирусную терапию в России в 2019 году получали только 44% людей, живущих с ВИЧ. Это связано с недофинансированием центров СПИДа, с устаревшими протоколами лечения, а также со стигмой вокруг заболевания — люди боятся обращаться за помощью. Кто-то переживает, что узнают знакомые, что могут возникнуть трудности на работе; мигранты опасаются еще и выдворения из страны.

— Мигранты с ВИЧ никогда не обратятся за помощью, — говорит Рамис. — Они ведь знают: им светит пожизненная депортация.

Приезжие с ВИЧ не только не обращаются к врачам, но и не проходят официальное тестирование на наличие заболевания из-за страха выдворения. Поэтому полной эпидемиологической картины по количеству ВИЧ-положительных мигрантов нет. По официальным данным, в 2019 году ВИЧ выявили у 97 тысяч россиян и всего у 2 тысяч приезжих.

— Данные официального тестирования — это верхушка айсберга, — уточняет Даниил. — У нас нет возможности полагать, что ВИЧ-положительные мигранты представляют хоть какой-либо риск для россиян.

***

Нулевой вирусной нагрузки добились все герои этой статьи. Ильгиз с помощью фонда связался с врачом, который расписал ему план лечения, и сам покупает лекарства в аптеке. Амир получает терапию в некоммерческой организации. Оба пока что остаются в России нелегально. Рамис уже шесть лет получает лекарства в СПИД-центре Кыргызстана.

— Депортация — это неправильно, — считает Ильгиз. — Каждый человек ошибается — вы же не знаете, что будет завтра. Вот и я не знал. Я был уверен не на сто, а на тысячу процентов, что со мной этого не произойдет, я предохранялся, принимал доконтактную и постконтактную терапию, сдавал анализы. Но все равно заболел. Но главное — я знаю о своем статусе и прохожу лечение.

Рамис два года после возвращения на родину не виделся со своей женой и сыном — общался с ними лишь по телефону. Он считал, что с таким количеством проблем и ВИЧ-положительным статусом у него больше не может быть семьи. Потом Рамис начал работать в организации, которая помогает людям с ВИЧ и туберкулезом.

— Врачи из центра спрашивали меня, почему я не зову жену с сыном к себе. Я смеялся: «Вы че, гоните? У меня столько проблем». А потом решился их позвать. Еще два года я под разными предлогами занимался с женой сексом с презервативом. Но потом понял, что с терапией могу иметь здорового ребенка и не заражу жену. Нашей дочери восемь месяцев.

Andorra: People refused entry to the country for a variety of health reasons, including HIV

A doctor’s complaint against the Andorran government for the ‘grave violation of human rights’ of immigration medical services

Translated from Spanish via Deepl.com; Scroll down for the original article in Spanish.

Ricardo Villanueva, a doctor who worked for three years in a hospital in Andorra, has filed a complaint against the government of the Principality. The doctor claims that people have been refused entry to the country for various health reasons: HIV, hepatitis, diabetes, myopia, obesity, anxiety and deafness.

‘The objective is purely economic, as vulgar as that’, he denounces, adding: “an HIV-positive patient is going to be an economic burden for them in the future, and for an obese patient the capacity to develop illnesses is going to be much greater, which is going to have repercussions on their coffers”.

In this sense, the doctor highlights a fact: ‘The average life expectancy in Andorra is 90 or 91 years, more than anywhere else in Europe, this is due to the fact that “sick, no thanks”’. ‘When they have an illness or whatever, the Andorran service automatically takes away their residence permit, and if they don’t have a residence permit, they have to go to their country of origin,’ he laments.

Moreover, Villanueva assures that ‘this situation has not changed nowadays’, according to what he has heard ‘from doctors who continue to work in Andorra’, to which he adds that ‘what has happened is that there is better surveillance in the flow of data referring to these problems’.


La denuncia de un médico al Gobierno de Andorra por la “grave violación de los derechos humanos” de los servicios médicos de inmigración

Ricardo Villanueva, un médico que trabajó tres años en un hospital de Andorra, abandera una denuncia contra el Gobierno del Principado. El doctor asegura que han denegado la entrada al país por diferentes cuestiones de salud: VIH, hepatitis, diabetes, miopía, obesidad, ansiedad o sordera.

“El objetivo es meramente económico, así de vulgar”, denuncia, tras lo que añade: “un paciente seropositivo va a ser para ellos el día de mañana una carga económica y para un paciente obeso la capacidad de desarrollar enfermedades va a ser mucho más amplia, con lo que eso va a repercutir en sus arcas”.

En este sentido, el doctor destaca un dato: “El promedio de vida en Andorra son 90 o 91 años, más que en ninguna parte de Europa, esto es debido a que ‘enfermos, no gracias'”. “Cuando tienen una enfermedad o lo que sea, automáticamente el servicio de Andorra les quita el permiso de residencia, y si no tienen permiso de residencia, tienen que irse a sus países de orígenes”, lamenta.

Además, Villanueva asegura que “esta situación no ha cambiado en la actualidad”, según lo que le llega “por parte de médicos que siguen trabajando en Andorra”, a lo que apostilla que “lo que ha ocurrido es que hay una mejor vigilancia en los flujos de datos que hacen referencia a estos problemas”.