US: Restrictive immigration policies would undermine Public Health and economic stability

Expected Immigration Policies under a second Trump administration and their health and economic implications

Introduction

Immigration was a central campaign issue during the 2024 Presidential election with President-elect Trump vowing to take strict action to restrict both lawful and unlawful immigration into the U.S. Such actions would have stark impacts on the health and well-being of immigrant families as well as major economic consequences for the nation. As of 2023, there were 47.1 million immigrants residing in the U.S., and one in four children had an immigrant parent.¹ Increased immigration boosts federal revenuesand lowers the national deficit through immigrants’ participation in the country’s economy, workforce, and through billions of dollars in tax contributions.

This issue brief discusses key changes to immigration policies that may take place under the second Trump administration based on his previous record and campaign statements, and their implications. President-elect Trump has indicated plans to restrict and eliminate legal immigration pathways, including humanitarian protections, and deport millions of immigrants, which would likely lead to separation of families, negative mental and physical impacts for immigrant families, and negative consequences on the nation’s workforce and economy.

Expected Policy Changes

Elimination of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Program

The future of the DACA program remains uncertain due to pending litigation, and President-elect Trump has indicated plans to eliminate it, which would lead to over half a million DACA recipients losing protected status. DACA was originally established via executive action in June 2012 to protect certain undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children from removal proceedings and receive authorization to work for renewable two-year periods. During his prior term, President-elect Trump sought to end DACA but was blocked by the Supreme Court in 2020. The Biden administration issued regulations in 2022 to preserve DACA protections. In September 2023, a district court in Texas ruled the DACA program unlawful, preventing the Biden administration from implementing the new regulations while the case awaits a decision in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. Under pending court rulings, while the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is accepting first-time DACA requests, it is unable to process them. DHS is continuing to process DACA renewal requests and related requests for employment authorization. After the attempt to end DACA failed in 2020, the Trump administration saidthat it would try again to eliminate DACA protections, and, if the pending court ruling finds the program unlawful, the administration is unlikely to appeal the decision. There are over half a million active DACA recipients, a majority of whom are working and many of whom have U.S.-born children, who could be at risk of deportation if the program is eliminated.

A recent health coverage expansion to DACA recipients also is subject to pending litigation and would, if eliminated, leave many DACA recipients without access to an affordable coverage option. In May 2024, the Biden administration published regulations to extend eligibility for Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace coverage with premium and cost-sharing subsidies to DACA recipients, who were previously ineligible for federally funded health coverage options. The regulation became effective November 1, 2024, allowing for enrollment during the 2025 Open Enrollment Period. In August 2024, a group of states filed a lawsuit against the federal government alleging that the ACA Marketplace coverage expansion for DACA recipients violates the Administrative Procedure Act. The case is currently under review at a district court in North Dakota and a decision is expected in the coming months. Elimination of the expansion could leave the nearly 100,000 uninsured DACA recipients it is estimated to cover without an affordable coverage option.

Changes to Public Charge Policy

President-elect Trump could reinstate changes to public charge policy that he made during his first term, which led to increased fears and misinformation among immigrant families about accessing programs and services, including health coverage. Under longstanding immigration policy, federal officials can deny entry to the U.S. or adjustment to lawful permanent resident (LPR) status (i.e., a “green card”) to someone they determine to be a public charge. During his prior term, President-elect Trump issued regulations in 2019 that broadened the scope of programs that the federal government would consider in public charge determinations to newly include the use of non-cash assistance programs like Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Research suggests that these changes increased fears among immigrant families about participating in programs and seeking services, including health coverage and care. Prior KFF analysis estimated that the 2019 changes to public charge policy could have led to decreased coverage for between 2 to 4.7 million Medicaid or CHIP enrollees who were noncitizens or citizens living in a mixed immigration status family. The Biden administration rescinded these changes. However, as of 2023, a majority of immigrant adults said in a KFF survey that they were “not sure” about public charge rules, and roughly one in ten (8%), rising to about one in four (27%) of likely undocumented immigrant adults, said they have avoided applying for assistance with food, housing, or health care in the past year due to immigration-related fears (Figure 1). As of November 2024, President-elect Trump has not indicated whether his administration plans to reinstate his first term changes to public charge policy.

Expanded Interior Enforcement Actions

President-elect Trump has indicated that his administration plans to carry out mass detentions and deportations of millions of immigrants, including long-term residents, which could lead to family separations and negative mental and physical health consequences. President-elect Trump has stated that he will declare a national emergency and use the U.S. military to carry out mass deportationsof tens of millions of undocumented immigrants residing in the U.S., many of whom have been living and working in the country for decades. Such a policy could lead to family separations as well as mass detentions, which can have negative implications for the mental health and well-being of immigrant families and also put their physical health at risk. Tom Homan, who was the director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) during the first Trump administration and has been selected as the incoming administration’s “border czar”, has said that it is possible to carry out mass deportations without separating families by deporting an entire family unit together, even if the child may be a U.S. citizen. As was the case during his first term, he may also carry out workplace raids as part of mass deportation efforts. Research shows that such raids can lead to family separations, poor physical and mental health outcomes for immigrant families, negative birth and educational outcomes for the children of immigrants, and financial hardship due to employment losses. Prior KFF research shows that restrictive immigration policies implemented during the first Trump administration, including detention and deportation led to increased fears and stress among immigrant families and negatively impacted the health and well-being of children of immigrants, most of whom are U.S. citizens.

Mass deportations could also negatively impact the U.S. workforce and economy, where immigrants make significant contributions. Immigrants have similar rates of employment as their U.S.-born counterparts and play outsized roles in certain occupations such as agriculture, construction, and health care. Research has found that immigrants do not displace U.S.-born workers and help foster job growth through entrepreneurship and the consumption of goods and services. Further, federal data show that unemployment rates for U.S.-born workers have not decreased between 2022 and 2023 and have remained similar to those for immigrant workers. In addition, immigrants, including undocumented immigrants, pay billions of dollars in federal, state, and local taxes each year. Mass deportation of immigrants could lead to workforce shortages in key sectors which could have negative economic consequences including an increase in the cost of essential goods such as groceries. Vice President-elect Vance has stated that immigrants are responsible for the U.S. housing crisis. While some studies show a link between immigration and rising housing costs, in general, economists are skeptical of immigration being a primary driver. Mass deportation of immigrants could also worsen housing shortages since immigrants make up a significant share of construction workers. Workplace raids can exacerbate existing labor shortages and have a negative impact on the local economies of the communities where they take place. Further, research shows that without the contributions undocumented immigrants make to the Medicare Trust Fund, it would reach insolvency earlier, and that undocumented immigrants result in a net positive effect on the financial status of Social Security. There also is likely to be a significant cost to taxpayers for the government to carry out large-scale detention and deportations.

Ending Birthright Citizenship

President-elect Trump has stated that he will sign an executive order to end birthright citizenship for the children of some immigrants despite it being a guaranteed right under the U.S. Constitution, which would negatively impact the health care workforce and economy. This proposed action would limit access to health coverage and care for the children of immigrants since they may not have lawful status. It could also have broader ramifications for the nation’s workforce and economy, potentially exacerbating existing worker shortages, including in health care. KFF analysis of federal data shows that adult children of immigrants have slightly better educational and economic outcomes than adult children of U.S.-born parents and make up twice the share of physicians, surgeons, and other health care practitioners as compared to their share of the population (13% vs. 6%) (Figure 2). Other research also has found that children of immigrants contribute more in taxes on average than their parents or the rest of the U.S.-born population, and that their fiscal contributions exceed their costs associated with health care, education, and other social services.

Reinstatement of “Remain in Mexico” Policy

President-elect Trump has stated that he will reinstate the “Remain in Mexico” border policy and that he may use military spending to carry out stricter border enforcement, which would leave an increased number of asylum seekers facing unsafe conditions at the border. The first Trump administration implemented Migrant Protection Protocols, often referred to as the “Remain in Mexico” policy, in 2019. Under this policy, asylum seekers were required to remain in Mexico, often in unsafe conditions, while they awaited their immigration court hearings. The Biden administration ended this policy in 2022, following some legal challenges, although it implemented a series of increasingly restrictive limits on asylum eligibility in 2023 and 2024 in response to a high number of border encounters. President-elect Trump said he plans to reinstate the Migrant Protection Protocols. He also has indicated that he will deploy the National Guard, as well as active duty military personnel, if needed, to the U.S.-Mexico border, although details of the plan remain unclear. Heightened military presence at the border can lead to increased fears among immigrant families living in border areas and using part of the military budget for border security could face legal challenges.

Restrictions on Humanitarian Protections

President-elect Trump said he plans to significantly limit the entry of humanitarian migrants into the U.S. during his second term by restricting refugee limits, shutting down the CBP One application for asylum seekers, and eliminating Temporary Protected Status (TPS) designations for immigrants from some countries. During his first term, President Trump set the annual refugee admissions ceiling at its lowest levels, ranging from 50,000 in 2017 to a historic low of 18,000 in 2020. The Biden administration increased the limit to 65,000 in 2021, a level close to the annual ceilings prior to the first Trump term, and further increased the limits in 2022 and 2024 in response to humanitarian concerns. It is likely that President-elect Trump will reduce the admissions ceiling for refugees in his second term. The President-elect has also said that he will close the CBP One application created by the Biden administration which allows asylum seekers to seek lawful entry to the U.S. by making an interview appointment with the DHS. While there have been implementation challenges with the CBP One application, shutting down the application could lead to “mass cancellation of appointments” and possibly an increase in attempts to cross the border outside of ports of entry. President-elect Trump also has indicated that he will roll back TPS designations for some immigrants, including those from Haiti. TPS designations protect immigrants from countries deemed unsafe by the DHS from deportation and provide them with employment authorization but do not provide a pathway to long-term residency or citizenship. As of March 2024, over 860,000 immigrants from 16 countries were protected by TPS. Loss of TPS would put people at risk for deportation, which could contribute to family separation which in turn can have negative impacts on the mental and physical health of immigrant families, and broader negative consequences for the workforce and economy.

Endnotes

KFF analysis of 2023 American Community Survey 1-year Public Use Microdata Sample.

Series papers explore challenges in HIV care for migrants and refugees, highlighting social and structural barriers

Report reveals how nations downplay migrants HIV care

A study has revealed how countries across the world have downplayed the health of international migrants who face barriers while accessing HIV care along the migration routes.

In many countries, the study shows that people on the move are confronted with stigma related to migration status, racialism, discrimination and unfavourable policies that run health care systems.

The study focused on migrants who are not aware of their HIV status but are either infected with or are vulnerable to acquiring HIV, and migrants who know their positive status and require linkage and adherence to HIV treatment.

“Migration is a common phenomenon and will remain an important health determinant when attempting to successfully strengthen health systems, including the access to continuity of HIV care,” the journal published by Lancet notes.

The worst hit are the undocumented migrants who due to fear of deportation and stigma may never seek HIV care from a health facility.

Although documented migrants have the right to access health care in some countries, they might still face barriers while accessing HIV care.

In some countries, documented migrants reportedly faced verbal abuse and discrimination in healthcare settings and were denied access to treatment even when they had the right to it, or were charged higher fees.

According to the study, the migration trajectory, including a pre-migration period in departure countries and transition periods before arriving at destination countries, presents HIV-related risks for migrants.

“Along this trajectory, migrants are likely to face different risk-inducing social, physical, political, and economic environments. Migrants’ departure countries might contribute to their overall determinants of HIV including specific vulnerabilities, practices around safer sex, and health-care seeking,” it reads in part.

The study cites a case where migrants arriving from countries with a patriarchal culture where sex is considered taboo, such as Arab countries, have been reported to experience a high burden of gender-related stigma associated with a high likelihood of acquiring HIV and delayed testing.

Additionally, the report says that experiences and familiarity with healthcare systems in departure countries might also shape migrants’ practices around seeking HIV care in transition or destination countries.

In the context of forced displacement, the research states that challenges related to accessing HIV care during the transition stage are major points of concern, especially where some migrants have to reside in refugee facilities in transition countries for long periods, which might substantially delay their access to HIV care.

These 2 research papers are part of the Lancet SERIESHIV in Migrant Populations Online first accessible freely after registration:

Humanising and optimising HIV health care for refugees and asylum seekers

Interventions to ensure access to and continuity of HIV care for international migrants: an evidence synthesis

Italy: Legal issues and language difficulties restrict healthcare access for migrants in Southern Italy

Healthcare access in Southern Italy: the challenges faced by migrant communities

For many migrants in Southern Italy, protecting their health remains an uphill battle. The REACH OUT project, along with extensive field research, has revealed how access to care and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections are affected by a complex mix of social, cultural and economic factors.

Economic and legal difficulties, as well as language and cultural barriers, are among the primary obstacles preventing migrants in Southern Italy from accessing healthcare services.

Funded by the European Union and conducted in collaboration with Maastricht University and the University of Padua, the REACH OUT project has uncovered important data* on the health vulnerabilities of migrants in Southern Italy.

The project focuses on the prevention and access to care for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and other STIs, identifying real-world barriers that hinder the effective implementation of healthcare interventions in challenging contexts. One of the key findings is the role of Social Determinants of Health (SDH)– such as legal status, income, education level, and discrimination – which significantly impact healthcare access and infection risk.

Economic challenges are a major barrier: 67% of migrants interviewed live below the poverty line, with monthly incomes of less than 630 euros. Moreover, nearly half (48%) lack access to healthcare services, often due to limited awareness of their rights or complications in navigating administrative processes. This problem is especially severe in reception centers and informal settlements like Borgo Mezzanone, where healthcare registration is often absent.

Language and cultural barriers further compound the issue. Difficulties in translating sexual health information into various languages, combined with the stigma sorrounding STIs, create additional challenges in promoting preventive practices. While many migrants are aware of STIs and some prevention methods, shame and religious beliefs often prevent them from adopting protective behaviours.

Mental health data is equally concerning: 61.9% of migrants exhibited signs of psychological distress, while 30% reported having experienced intimate partner violence. Issues such as anxiety and depression are common, often stemming from prolonged stays in Italy without legal stability or social integration. Though these psychological factors do not directly block access to healthcare, they often isolate individuals, making them less likely to seek out healthcare services and support.

This research highlights the crucial need to improve communication about healthcare rights for migrants and to strengthen access to services for more inclusive protection. At INTERSOS, we are committed to using these insights to refine and expand our field initiatives, working closely with communities to build trust, provide targeted healthcare, and support long-term structural changes that enhance the quality of life for migrants in Italy.

*The data referenced here were gathered through three studies conducted by graduate researchers from Maastricht University and the University of Padua: Marije Pot, Martina Bugelli, and Antonia Laß.

UK: Former health minister calls for compulsory HIV tests for migrants arriving from “high-prevalence countries”

Test migrants for HIV, former minister says, as UK rates rise

A former health minister says in a co-authored blog post that the UK increase can be attributed to undiagnosed migrants arriving from sub-Saharan Africa.

A former health minister has called for the UK to introduce HIV tests for migrants entering the UK.

Neil O’Brien claimed that there were a large number of people arriving in the UK with HIV who were unaware of their diagnosis and therefore went untreated.

The Conservative MP for Harborough, Oadby & Wigston said that HIV tests should be compulsory to get a visa when arriving from “high-prevalence countries” to reduce the risk of transmission from undiagnosed people.

O’Brien, who served as the public health minister between September 2022 and November 2023, said this would be a much more targeted approach than other countries that required HIV tests to get a permanent visa, such as Australia and New Zealand.

O’Brien wrote on his Substack blog that introducing HIV tests for migrants was essential to meet the government’s strategy to end new HIV transmission in the UK by 2030.

The number of newly diagnosed patients had fallen consistently since 2005 but data for 2022 and 2023 revealed that progress had suddenly gone backwards.

This has been driven by a rise in the number of newly diagnosed individuals who were born outside the UK and Europe, particularly among people from Africa. People from east Africa followed by southern Africa have the highest rates of HIV, according to data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).

O’Brien linked this change in HIV diagnosis trends to changes in the UK’s immigration system, which has led to a significant increase in the number of people from sub-Saharan Africa.

The UKHSA disputed the suggestion that a large number of people were arriving in the UK with HIV without knowing about it. It pointed to statistics showing that last year 53 per cent of cases in England that were reported to the UKHSA had already been diagnosed abroad. This was the first time that the proportion of diagnoses made overseas had exceeded the proportion of diagnoses first made in England.

In 2023 about 330,000 visas were issued to migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, compared with about 50,000 a year in the 2010s.

O’Brien suggested that the additional cost should be paid for by applicants, which he said would be small compared with visa fees, the immigration health surcharge and other costs of travel.

He said the system would work similarly to that for tuberculosis (TB), which requires all people applying for a visa from a list of 102 countries to have a TB test if they are coming for more than six months.

More than 50 countries require an HIV test for at least some visas. In Australia, anyone applying for permanent residency must undergo an HIV test to meet the health requirement for a visa. Those entering on shorter visas also need to have an HIV test in some circumstances.

Visa applicants intending to stay in New Zealand for more than a year must also have a HIV test.

New report documents key challenges for migrants on the move in the Darien region

PAHO Report Highlights Urgency of Improving Access to Health for Migrant Populations in Darien Region

Washington, DC (PAHO) – A report released today by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) documents the key challenges facing migrants in the Darien region and calls on countries in the Americas to collaborate to strengthen disease surveillance and improve policies and programs to ensure the health of migrants.

The new report, Challenges in access to health for migrants transiting the Darien region , reveals that migrants face significant health challenges as they cross the vast jungle territory between the Colombian and Panamanian border, including lack of access to emergency medical care, adverse environmental conditions, increased risk of violence and exploitation, and exposure to infectious diseases.

“In the Americas, millions of migrants continue to be disproportionately affected by health problems due to lack of access to care, and this is particularly the case in the dangerous Darien crossing,” said PAHO Director Dr. Jarbas Barbosa.

“It is essential that countries, partners and donors come together to address the number of variants that are hampering access to timely care for migrant populations,” he added.

Over the past two years, migration in the Darien region has continued to increase, with populations moving across borders from the south to the center and ultimately to North America. This phenomenon is not only due to political and economic instability in Latin America and the Caribbean, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also to conflicts and challenges in other parts of the world.

In the first three months of 2024, more than 135,000 people passed through this area, mainly from Colombia, Ecuador, Haiti, Peru and Venezuela, but also from Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, China and India, to name a few.

While migrants are particularly vulnerable to health problems, caused by a lack of access to preventative care and medication for pre-existing conditions, the harsh terrain of the Darien region also exposes them to extreme weather, wild animals, violence and exploitation.

The report shows that levels of vulnerability among populations in transit have also increased in recent years due to an increase in the number of migrants with disabilities, women travelling alone, pregnant women and women with children under one year old, in addition to the number of unaccompanied children and adolescents.

Due to the lack of health care along the route, migrants are often deprived of vital antenatal care, as well as care for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and HIV. The lack of specialized services, including sexual and reproductive health, and mental health issues also compound migrants’ health problems.

Lack of access to health services, sanitation, basic hygiene and safe water, as well as consumption of unsafe and micronutrient-poor street foods and nights spent sleeping outdoors, have also increased the incidence of skin lesions, respiratory infections and foodborne diseases among children under five – the leading cause of death in this age group in both countries.

To help address these issues, the report makes six recommendations:

Strengthen coordination and partnerships between countries to ensure a more coherent and rapid response to health situations;
Improving access to health services for migrants in transit, as well as for host populations;
Strengthen health surveillance and information management in accordance with the International Health Regulations (IHR);
Strengthening institutional and community capacities to combat preventable diseases and deaths;
Support countries in developing and strengthening policies, programmes and frameworks to address migrant health;
Help create plans to promote preparedness, response and recovery in the context of a migrant health crisis.

PAHO continues to work with countries in the Americas to support the development of migration response plans to improve access to health for migrant and local populations, improve health surveillance, and strengthen partnerships and networks.

The Organization also works with host countries to implement health promotion campaigns on issues related to dengue prevention, sexual and reproductive health and other health topics, as well as to develop campaigns to combat xenophobia, stigma and discrimination.

Peru: Congress approves exceptional health coverage for migrants and refugees with TB and HIV

Peru approves groundbreaking law to extend health coverage for migrants with HIV and TB

In a milestone decision, the Peruvian Congress has passed legislation that extends temporary health insurance coverage to migrants diagnosed with HIV and tuberculosis (TB). This law allows non-resident foreigners to access healthcare services through the public health insurance system (known by the Spanish acronym SIS) while they complete their immigration processes.

This law, which incorporates proposals from Law Bills 5253, 5554, and 7260, represents a significant step in reducing barriers for migrant populations, ensuring timely medical attention without the need for official residency documentation. Now, migrants affected by HIV or TB can receive vital healthcare services, including medical consultations and diagnostic exams, regardless of their immigration status.

The legislative breakthrough follows over two years of advocacy led by the Grupo Impulsor, a coalition that includes UNAIDS, alongside partners such as USAID’s flagship initiative Local Health System Sustainability Project (LHSS), IOM, UNHCR, the Peruvian Observatory of Migration and Health of the Peruvian University Cayetano Heredia (OPEMS-UPCH), Colectivo GIVAR, VENEACTIVA, the Peruvian TB Social Observatory, and Partners in Health.

Likewise, providing timely treatment for migrants with HIV or TB not only improves their quality of life but also reduces the risk of transmission, making it a crucial public health measure benefiting everyone. It also saves money: early care is far more cost-effective, preventing advanced cases that strain the health system.

A cost-benefit analysis reveals that Peru could save around 5 million soles ($1.33 million USD) annually by preventing new infections and another 54 million soles ($14.58 million USD) through avoiding productivity losses linked to AIDS and TB-related deaths.

Migrants living with HIV in Peru remain among the most discriminated groups in the country, with 70.7% reporting stigma, according to the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. They also face heightened vulnerability due to xenophobia, violence, and exploitation—nearly half of them have experienced physical violence or sexual exploitation. Accessing healthcare is a major challenge, with only 2% of migrants with HIV covered by public health insurance, leaving the rest to pay out-of-pocket costs that many cannot afford.

“By extending health insurance to migrants, Peru is not only addressing these barriers but also aligning with global commitments, like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at eradicating epidemics such as AIDS and TB by 2030”, says Luisa Cabal, UNAIDS Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean. “This legislative victory not only marks a turning point in health policy but also sets a precedent for future reforms, ensuring a more inclusive and equitable healthcare system for all.”

Protecting everyone’s rights protects public health.

Netherlands: Study explores factors influencing the uptake of HIV testing among heterosexual migrants

Barriers and enablers that influence the uptake of HIV testing among heterosexual migrants in the Netherlands

Background

Heterosexual migrant men and women in the Netherlands often face barriers to accessing health services, including HIV testing, that may lead to late-stage HIV diagnoses. This study explored factors of influence in the usage of HIV testing among heterosexual migrants.

Methods

Qualitative evaluation with semi-structured interviews at the Amsterdam-based AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Checkpoint and one focus group discussion (FGD) conducted during June-July 2023 with 19 participants: interviews with 12 heterosexual migrants from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) and FGD (n = 5) and interviews (n = 2) with 7 key informants from the (public) health sector. Recorded interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed, using the framework of Andersen’s Expanded Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.

Results

In total, 55 themes emerged from the interviews and the FGD. Examples include insufficient availability of information on HIV and testing services, and difficulty in accessing these services (e.g. the barrier of the online appointment system of the Centre for Sexual Health (CSH)). HIV test participants expressed free, rapid testing, no appointment required, and a positive experience during their HIV test as enablers to test in the future. Results from key informants showed that poor health literacy and lack of clarity on the healthcare system’s guidelines were barriers for heterosexual migrants in accessing information on HIV and testing services. It also revealed past initiatives and interventions that were successful in reaching at-risk groups such as the integration of HIV testing into sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, but that were subsequently discontinued due to financial constraints.

Conclusion

Factors contributing to a low HIV test uptake were participants’ perception of limited accessibility of CSH facilities, insufficient available information on HIV (testing) services, and low perception of HIV risk. Unclear policies on accessing HIV/STI testing services at CSHs, and potential missed opportunities for HIV testing at general practitioners were contributing factors identified by key informants.

For the full text of the study, see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0311114

France: New government wants to reform the law that gives free medical assistance for immigrants after three months

New French interior minister announces plan for tougher immigration policy

France’s newly appointed interior minister Bruno Retailleau signalled a rightward shift for French interior policy on Monday at his first public speech in office. Addressing police unions at the Cour de l’Hôtel de Beauvau, he vowed to end “illegal” migration and “restore order” in the country.

Concerning immigration, the senior senator with The Republicans (Les Républicains) party called for a much tougher policy in an interview on national TV, proposing to regularize as few people as possible while deporting as many as possible. He also urged legislative changes, such as a reform to the law that gives free medical assistance for immigrants after three months in the country, aiming to replace it with a much-reduced protection regime. Beyond this, he is targeting the “Circulaire Valls,” a law instated in 2012 under former President François Hollande which ended the criminal offense of illegal residence, preventing law enforcement from taking individuals in an irregular situation into custody. This would be contrary to decisions by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the Return directive and subsequent Cassation Court decisions.

Another proposed change consists of revoking a 1968 bilateral agreement with Algeria, signed in the context of decolonization, which grants special status and benefits for Algerian immigrants to France. However, the fact that the agreement is governed by international law, not French law, might make it more difficult to make it void. A cancellation would immediately affect Algerians and their rights in France. Moreover, Retailleau called for bilateral agreements with Maghreb countries to better retain migrants outside of Europe, following the examples of Italy’s agreement with Albania and the agreement between the EU and Tunisia.

Retailleau is a senior politician with plenty of experience who was first elected to the National Assembly in 1994, represented the Vendée department for the past 20 years and finally served as president of the LR senatorial group since 2014. He is part of France’s recently elected government following a snap general election in response to President Macron’s loss of support in public polls.

Russia: New bill introduces broader disease testing for migrants, including hepatitis

Migrant children should pass a Russian language test and their parents should be tested for dangerous diseases

Translated with Deepl.com. Scroll down for original article in Russian

The Russian government has already supported the bills against illegal migration. New initiatives are next – the introduction of a Russian language exam for foreign children and the expansion of the list of dangerous diseases, the presence of which is checked in visitors.

About it at a press conference in Moscow told Deputy Speaker of the State Duma, Head of the Migration Policy Commission Irina Yarovaya.

“Today, a commission on legislation in the government of the Russian Federation was held, and our bills are fully supported without comments”, – she said.

It is a question of recognizing the organization of illegal migration as a particularly serious crime in cases where it is committed by an organized group and for the purpose of committing serious or especially serious crimes. If today the punishment for this is from two months to seven years, which gives the court the right to apply even a suspended sentence against such criminals, then in the future this will be impossible. The lower threshold of responsibility increases to eight to fifteen years.

An increased level of responsibility is also established for forgery, manufacture and trafficking of forged documents for the purpose of illegal migration. If today it’s from two months to four years, then it will be from two to six years, Yarovaya noted.

In addition, it is proposed to amend the federal law on information and establish extrajudicial blocking of Internet resources containing offers of illegal services for migrants.

There are about 739 thousand illegal migrants on the territory of the Russian Federation.

“We are witnessing an increase in organized illegal migration: in the half of 2024, almost one and a half times more facts were revealed than in the same period last year. It must be said that 879 people were convicted of organizing illegal migration, of which 665 people are Russian citizens. <… > These crimes are committed by people who live near us and are involved in this organized criminal activity”,- explained Irina Yarovaya.

With regard to new initiatives that have yet to be prepared and introduced, it is the expansion of the list of diseases for which migrants will be tested and the introduction of a language test when children enter schools.

“We insist that the Ministry of Health expand the list of dangerous diseases for migration purposes, including hepatitis B and C,”- said the deputy.

Now migrants entering Russia are required to be tested for COVID-19, tuberculosis, leprosy (Hansen’s disease), syphilis, HIV. The presence of such diseases can be an obstacle to obtaining a residence permit or a work permit, as well as a reason for deportation.

Also, the State Duma Commission on Migration Policy is preparing changes in the legislation on mandatory diagnostics and training of migrant children before their admission to Russian schools, Irina Yarovaya said.

“Compulsory diagnostics for the knowledge of the Russian language of children who are admitted to schools is necessary… mandatory diagnostics and preparation before admission to school are necessary, the child must know exactly the language in which he will learn the material, communicate with the teacher and with peers… we have given the relevant instructions to the Ministry of Education, but at the same time we ourselves prepare changes to the legislation,”

– she said at a press conference in the multimedia press center “Russia Today”.

Previously “Nats Accent” wrote that the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation will check the Kaliningrad school where children do not know Russian.

ДЕТИ-МИГРАНТЫ ДОЛЖНЫ СДАТЬ ТЕСТ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ, А ИХ РОДИТЕЛИ – ПРОВЕРИТЬСЯ НА ОПАСНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ

Правительство России уже поддержало законопроекты против незаконной миграции. На очереди новые инициативы – введение экзамена по русскому языку для детей иностранцев и расширение списка опасных заболеваний, наличие которых проверяют у приезжих.

Об этом на пресс-конференции в Москве рассказала вице-спикер Госдумы, руководитель комиссии по вопросам миграционной политики Ирина Яровая.

«Сегодня состоялась комиссия по законодательству в правительстве РФ, и наши законопроекты полностью поддержаны без замечаний”, – сказала она.

Речь о том, чтобы признавать организацию незаконной миграции особо тяжким преступлением в случаях, когда оно совершается организованной группой и в целях совершения тяжких или особо тяжких преступлений. Если сегодня наказание за это – от двух месяцев до семи лет, что дает право суду применять даже условное осуждение в отношении таких преступников, то в будущем такое будет невозможно. Нижний порог ответственности увеличивается до восемь-пятнадцати лет.

За подделку, изготовление и оборот поддельных документов в целях незаконной миграции также устанавливается повышенный уровень ответственности. Если сегодня это от двух месяцев до четырех лет, то будет – от двух до шести лет, отметила Яровая.

Кроме того, предлагается внести изменения в федеральный закон об информации и установить внесудебную блокировку интернет-ресурсов, содержащих предложения незаконных услуг для мигрантов.

На территории РФ находятся около 739 тысяч нелегальных мигрантов.

“Мы наблюдаем рост организованной незаконной миграции: за полугодие 2024 года выявлено почти в полтора раза больше фактов, чем за аналогичный период в прошлом году. Нужно сказать, что 879 лиц осуждено за организацию незаконной миграции, из них 665 лиц – это граждане России. <…> Эти преступления совершаются лицами, которые проживают рядом с нами и вовлечены в эту организованную преступную деятельность”,- пояснила Ирина Яровая.

Что касается новых инициатив, которые только еще предстоит подготовить и внести, то это расширение перечня заболеваний, на которые будут проверять мигрантов и введение языкового теста при поступлении детей в школы.

“Мы настаиваем на том, чтобы министерство здравоохранения расширило перечень опасных заболеваний для целей миграции, в том числе, включив него гепатит B и C”,- сказала депутат.

Сейчас въезжающих в Россию мигрантов в обязательном порядке проверяют на COVID-19, туберкулез, лепра (болезнь Гансена), сифилис, ВИЧ. Наличие таких заболеваний может стать препятствием к получению вида на жительство или разрешения на работу, а также причиной депортации.

Также комиссия Госдумы по вопросам миграционной политики готовит изменения в законодательстве об обязательной диагностике и подготовке детей мигрантов до принятия их в российские школы, отметила Ирина Яровая.

“Необходима обязательная диагностика на знание русского языка детей, которые принимаются в школы… необходима обязательная диагностика и подготовка до принятия в школу, ребенок точно должен знать язык, на котором он будет усваивать материал, общаться с педагогом и со сверстниками… соответствующие поручения нами даны министерству просвещения, но при этом мы сами готовим изменения в законодательство”,

– сказала она на пресс-конференции в мультимедийном пресс-центре “Россия сегодня”.

Ранее «НацАкцент» писал, что Следственный комитет РФ проверит калининградскую школу, где дети не знают русский язык.

Vietnam: Vietnam and IOM sign MoU to promote migrant inclusion in National Health Systems

IOM and Ministry of Health sign partnership to promote migrants’ health

The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) on Wednesday afternoon strengthened their collaboration in promoting the health and well-being of migrants.

HÀ NỘI — The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) on Wednesday afternoon agreed to strengthen their collaboration in promoting the health and well-being of migrants by signing a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).

Under the MoU, they also agreed to promote migrants’ inclusion in national health systems and policies.

The MoU reflects nearly 40 years of collaboration between IOM and MoH, which began in the early 1980s.

Over the years, this partnership has grown from IOM health assessment programmes for populations moving to destination countries to public health efforts that facilitate better access to healthcare services for migrants and strengthen cross-border disease control and public health emergency response and preparedness.

Việt Nam has become a significant source of migrants, particularly those seeking employment opportunities abroad.

Recent data shows a resurgence in international labour migration, with approximately 155,000 Vietnamese citizens securing employment abroad last year alone, equivalent to nearly a third of the new workers entering the labour market.

Similar to other countries in the ASEAN region, the burden of health issues in Việt Nam remains complex, including infectious diseases, occupational health hazards and injuries, mental health challenges, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes and maternal and child health problems.

Infectious diseases like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria continue to be significant concerns.

Achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) remains a challenging goal and presents an even greater challenge for migrants.

Recent studies conducted by IOM in the region have highlighted the challenges faced by cross-border migrants in accessing healthcare, including language barriers, discrimination, financial constraints, lack of health insurance across borders and lack of official cross-border referral mechanisms for migrant patients.

They can be made even more vulnerable in pandemic situations due to inadequate access to needed health care and services, as shown during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Park Mi-Hyung, Chief of Mission of IOM in Việt Nam, stressed the importance of this collaboration to ensure the health and well-being of migrants, aligning with the goals of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (GCM) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

“In a world where an increasing number of people are on the move, collaborations and partnerships are crucial to enhance the health and well-being of migrants. Healthy migrants contribute to healthy communities,” she said.

Nguyễn Tri Thức, Deputy Minister of Health, said that in recent years, the MoH and IOM have actively cooperated in many areas related to ensuring the health of migrants, including raising awareness of migrants’ health, strengthening bilateral cooperation in cross-border tuberculosis control and preparing for and responding to public health emergencies.

In addition, he said, IOM supported enhanced regional cooperation last year through regional workshops on migration and migrant health.

Goal 3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is good health and well-being.

“I hope we will continue to promote closer cooperation to successfully implement the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,” said Thức. — VNS