US: Advocating for HIV decriminalisation and health equity at Indiana’s first HIV advocacy summit

HIV advocates, organizations talk legislative solutions at first advocacy summit

By Abigail Ruhman

Community health centers and Ryan White HIV AIDS Program centers play an important role in expanding services and care for vulnerable populations, including HIV prevention and wellness. The Damien Center – Indiana’s oldest and largest HIV service organization – hosted its first HIV advocacy summit Wednesday to develop strategies for the upcoming legislative session.

Carrie Foote, a professor of sociology at Indiana University-Indianapolis, has been living with HIV since 1988 and leads HIV Modernization Movement-Indiana. She said Indiana has several laws that lead to the inappropriate arrest or prosecution of people living with HIV — which wastes state resources and has no public health benefit.

“We can end the epidemic,” Foote said. “We can end it, so anything that’s a barrier to doing that — and these laws are — we want to get rid of and improve.”

Foote said these laws lead to stigma around HIV that act as a barrier to testing and care — which gets in the way of preventing new transmissions and optimizing wellness for people living with HIV.

There are six laws that criminalize HIV in Indiana — which include both public health and criminal codes.

Two relate to the donation, sale or transfer of semen for artificial insemination, blood or plasma when someone “knowingly” has HIV. Another two focus on alleged non-disclosure of someone’s HIV status. When the laws were originally written, they said people living with HIV have a “duty to inform” sexual and needle sharing partners of their states prior to “high-risk activity.”

“The disclosure law used to be called ‘Duty to Warn,’” Foote said. “We came with a warning label before we had sex. So first, I need to warn you that I have HIV. That’s the language. How stigmatizing is that?”

Advocates were able to work with lawmakers to revise the language to be less stigmatizing, but the disclosure law still exists in Indiana code.

The last two enhance punishments for battery or malicious mischief by bodily fluid or waste for people living with HIV. For example, Foote said for someone who doesn’t live with HIV, spitting on someone is considered a misdemeanor.

“For anybody living with viral hepatitis or HIV, it gets enhanced to a felony crime solely because of their HIV status, even though those diseases are not transmitted that way,” Foote said.

Foote said legislative reform around the issue focuses on efforts to repeal HIV specific criminal laws and remove enhanced penalties based solely on a person’s HIV status. Advocates also want to modernize or reform laws to reflect the current science of HIV transmission and HIV as a chronic manageable condition, as well as narrow the law to situations that involve the “intent to transmit” or a “substantial risk of transmission.”

Foote is collaborating with the University of California-Los Angeles School of Law’s Williams Institute to analyze the enforcement of HIV criminalization in Indiana. She said not all of the HIV criminalization laws have been used, but many have led to arrests.

“People also are being convicted under these laws, so that right there tells you that change needs to occur because we have these people being prosecuted in ways that are unfair and don’t reflect advances in modern science,” Foote said.

Foote said in addition to creating harmful stigma, HIV criminalization disproportionately affects Black people, sexual minorities and people who inject drugs, which makes health inequities worse.

The Damien Center event also focused on different challenges these community centers face when trying to provide services and how threats to a federal program can make care more complicated.

The 340B drug pricing program was created in partnership with pharmaceutical companies — which agreed to provide “significant” discounts to eligible health care providers in order to participate in the Medicaid program.

Community health centers, also known as federally qualified health centers, are designed to increase access to primary care by reducing barriers such as cost, lack of insurance and distance. Ryan White centers are a part of the federal program designed to increase access to care for HIV.

Colleen Meiman, the national policy advisor for state and regional associations of Community Health Centers, said the program allows these centers to stretch federal resources to reach more patients and provide comprehensive services to vulnerable populations.

“340B is about so much more than pharmaceuticals,” Meiman said. “340B is essential to the financial sustainability of many, many, probably the majority of health centers.”

She also said the 340B program is facing several threats at the federal level, but some states have been able to pass legislation to protect the program.

Damien Center President and CEO Alan Witchery said the event was meant to identify issues that advocates and organizations want to address moving forward.

“There really isn’t an opportunity for nonprofits to come together and think about just doing this kind of advocacy,” Witchery said.

Witchery said he wants there to be a continued conversation around lobbying, advocacy and education efforts for these organizations to promote their causes together as a group around the state.

Global experts converge in Munich to share strategies on HIV criminalisation at AIDS 2024 pre-conference

AIDS 2024: Activists and experts debate tactics to combat HIV criminalisation

Translated with DEEPL. For article in Portuguese, please scroll down. 

On Sunday (21), during the AIDS 2024 Pre-Conference in Munich, Germany, a group of experts from the United Kingdom, Mexico and the United States met for a crucial dialogue on the criminalisation of HIV. The panel, entitled “Everything you ever wanted to know about challenging the criminalisation of HIV: HIV Justice Network”, was moderated by Julian Hows, from the HIV Justice Network, an organisation that works to build a coordinated global response against punitive laws and policies that affect people living with HIV.

HIV criminalisation refers to the inappropriate use of criminal law to punish individuals on the basis of their HIV-positive status. This includes a range of acts, such as not disclosing one’s HIV status, potential exposure to the virus, soliciting sex while HIV positive, as well as practices such as spitting, biting, donating blood or breastfeeding.

This criminalisation not only intensifies the stigma associated with the virus, but can also limit people’s access to health services, damaging the relationship between them and the health professionals who treat them. It also creates a false sense of security, leading many to believe that laws offer protection, which is not actually the case.

The global movement to combat this criminalisation, led by HIV Justice Worldwide, aims to transform the discourse on HIV, share information and resources, and strengthen advocacy. The fight is fundamental to guaranteeing justice and human rights for everyone living with the virus.

Edwin Bernard, executive director of HIV Justice Network, highlighted a serious concern: “The US repealed its HIV-specific law at the end of the 20th century, but is now using a number of problematic laws”. He mentioned a shocking case of a homeless man with HIV sentenced to 35 years in prison for spitting at a police officer, a situation in which his saliva was considered a deadly weapon. Bernard stressed the need to understand the applicable laws for an effective defence.

Robert Suttle, from The Elizabeth Taylor AidsFoundation, shared his personal experience of criminalisation. “As a black, gay man living with HIV, I was registered as a sex offender for 15 years in Louisiana,” said Suttle. He pointed out that many newly diagnosed people are unaware of the risk of criminalisation because the focus of advocacy is mainly on prevention and biomedical treatment.

Sofía Varguez, from the HIV Justice Network in Mexico, gave an overview of the situation in Latin America and the Caribbean. “In our region, 26 countries have laws that criminalise HIV. We have registered 157 cases of criminalisation in 23 of the 32 countries in the region, including Brazil,” said Varguez. She also mentioned successes in repealing these laws, such as in Colombia, where a law student succeeded in having the law ruled unconstitutional.

Ricardo Hung, director of Alianza Lambda de Venezuela, brought a worrying perspective from his country with the rise of neo-Pentecostalism in public organisations. “In Venezuela, the government is trying to informally change the law to criminalise people with HIV, with the support of the Ministry of Health,” Hung revealed. He asked for materials to help educate and raise awareness about the criminalisation of HIV in his nation.

The event also covered tools and strategies developed by the HIV Justice Network and partners in the HIV Justice Worldwide coalition, offering valuable resources for initiating and sustaining HIV decriminalisation campaigns. The hope is that participants will feel motivated to use and share these tools and engage in the quest for justice for all people living with the virus.

To close, Julian Hows invited everyone to explore the HIV Justice Academy portal, a free global hub of learning and resources, available to beginners and experts alike. The portal, accessible in English, Spanish, Russian and French, is designed to help everyone join the movement to end the criminalisation of HIV. To access it, click here.

Aids 2024: Ativistas e especialistas debatem leis discriminatórias e táticas para combater a criminalização do HIV

Nesse domingo (21), durante a pré-Conferência da Aids 2024 em Munique, Alemanha, um grupo de especialistas do Reino Unido, México e Estados Unidos se encontrou para um diálogo crucial sobre a criminalização do HIV. O painel, intitulado “Tudo o que você sempre quis saber sobre desafiar a criminalização do HIV: HIV Justice Network”, foi moderado por Julian Hows, diretor da HIV Justice Network, uma organização que trabalha para construir uma resposta global coordenada contra leis e políticas punitivas que afetam pessoas vivendo com HIV.

A criminalização do HIV refere-se ao uso inadequado da lei penal para punir indivíduos com base no seu status HIV positivo. Isso inclui uma série de atos, como não revelar o status sorológico, potencial exposição ao vírus, solicitar sexo sendo positivo para HIV, além de práticas como cuspir, morder, doar sangue ou amamentar.

Essa criminalização não só intensifica o estigma associado ao vírus, mas também pode limitar o acesso das pessoas a serviços de saúde, prejudicando a relação entre elas e os profissionais de saúde que as atendem. Além disso, gera uma falsa sensação de segurança, fazendo com que muitos acreditem que as leis oferecem proteção, o que na verdade não é o caso.

O movimento global para combater essa criminalização, liderado pela HIV Justice Worldwide, visa transformar o discurso sobre o HIV, compartilhar informações e recursos, e fortalecer a advocacy. A luta é fundamental para garantir justiça e direitos humanos para todos que vivem com o vírus.

Edwin Bernard, diretor executivo da HIV Justice Network, destacou uma preocupação grave: “Os EUA revogaram sua lei específica para o HIV no final do século XX, mas agora estão usando diversas leis problemáticas”. Ele mencionou um caso chocante de um homem sem-teto com HIV condenado a 35 anos de prisão por cuspir em um policial, uma situação em que sua saliva foi considerada uma arma mortal. Bernard ressaltou a necessidade de compreender as leis aplicáveis para uma defesa eficaz.

Robert Suttle, da The Elizabeth Taylor AidsFoundation, compartilhou sua experiência pessoal com a criminalização. “Como homem negro, gay e vivendo com HIV, fui registrado como agressor sexual por 15 anos na Louisiana”, contou Suttle. Ele destacou que muitas pessoas recém-diagnosticadas desconhecem o risco de criminalização, pois o foco da advocacia está principalmente na prevenção e no tratamento biomédico.

Sofía Varguez, da HIV Justice Network no México, apresentou um panorama da situação na América Latina e no Caribe. “Na nossa região, 26 países têm leis que criminalizam o HIV. Registramos 157 casos de criminalização em 23 dos 32 países da região, entre eles o Brasil”, disse Varguez. Ela também mencionou sucessos na revogação dessas leis, como na Colômbia, onde um estudante de direito conseguiu que a lei fosse considerada inconstitucional.

Ricardo Hung, diretor da Alianza Lambda de Venezuela, trouxe uma perspectiva preocupante de seu país com a ascensão do neopentecostalismo nos órgãos públicos. “Na Venezuela, o governo está tentando mudar informalmente a lei para criminalizar as pessoas com HIV, com o apoio do Ministério da Saúde”, revelou Hung. Ele pediu materiais para ajudar na educação e na sensibilização sobre a criminalização do HIV em sua nação.

O evento também abordou ferramentas e estratégias desenvolvidas pela HIV Justice Network e parceiros da coalizão HIV Justice Worldwide, oferecendo recursos valiosos para iniciar e sustentar campanhas de descriminalização do HIV. A esperança é que os participantes se sintam motivados a utilizar e compartilhar essas ferramentas e se engajar na busca por justiça para todas as pessoas que vivem com o vírus.

Para encerrar, Julian Hows convidou todos a explorar o portal HIV Justice Academy, um hub global gratuito de aprendizado e recursos, disponível para iniciantes e especialistas. O portal, acessível em inglês, espanhol, russo e francês, foi desenvolvido para ajudar a todos a se unirem ao movimento para acabar com a criminalização do HIV. Para acessar, clique aqui.

Marina Vergueiro (marina@agenciaaids.com.br)

Meet HJN at AIDS 2024

Starting this coming weekend, and continuing until Friday 26th, seven HJN team members will join an estimated 15,000 participants at the 25th International AIDS Conference in Munich to advocate for the rights and health equity of people living with HIV globally.

We are grateful to our scholarship providers and funders for making it possible for so many of us to attend AIDS 2024. We are mindful of the many individuals who have been unjustly denied visas to enter Germany and know we are privileged to be able to attend in person.

We’ll do our very best to make sure that everyone’s voices are heard, both at our sessions and at others’.

If you are also fortunate enough to be in Munich, please come and say hello, and tell us about your work and how we might support each other in the global struggle for HIV justice.

Sunday 21st July

11:30am-12:30pm. LIVING Pre-Conference Workshop: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Challenging HIV Criminalisation: The HIV Justice Academy. Room 13b/Channel 7.  This interactive session, featuring most of the HJN team, HJN’s Global Advisory Panel (GAP) member, Robert Suttle, and Sero’s Andy Tapia, covers the realities of HIV criminalisation and strategies to challenge unjust laws.

Monday 22nd July

1:00pm-2:30pm. Global Village Workshop: Denied, Discriminated Against, and Deported: The Global Realities of Migration, Mobility, and Health Equity for People Living with HIV. Global Village Session Room 2. This workshop, co-hosted by HJN, Queensland Positive People, NAPWHA and hivtravel.org addresses HIV-related travel restrictions and advocates for global change, featuring the latest status on HIV migration worldwide from HJN GAP member, David Haerry.

Tuesday 23rd July

12:00pm-1:00pm. Poster Presentation, Prepared for Action: Lessons Learned from the First Year of the HIV Justice Academy presented by HJN’s Sofia Varguez.

3:00pm-4:00pm. Symposium: Equity in Focus: Tackling Inequalities, Room 13a/Channel 6. This session highlights the role of community-led organisations in challenging criminalisation, discrimination and inequalities. HJN’s Edwin Bernard will speak on “Legal Landscapes: The Influence of Legislation on the Lives and Rights of the HIV Community”.

Wednesday 24th July

8:30am-10:00am. Plenary session: Addressing structural barriers: How can we do better? Hall C1/Channel 1. This morning plenary session includes HJN GAP member, Michaela Clayton, presenting “Breaking Barriers: Challenging HIV Criminalization to Counter Inequalities”.

[Rescheduled from Tuesday] 12:00pm-12:30pm. Discussion: U=U in HIV Decriminalisation Advocacy, U=University Networking Zone, Global Village, Featuring a conversation between HJN’s Edwin Bernard, and Kamaria Laffrey and Andy Tapia of the Sero Project.

2:30pm-4:30pm. Workshop: Getting Decriminalisation Right: What do good laws look like? Room 14a/Channel 9. This workshop from UNAIDS, UNDP and GNP+ will facilitate knowledge exchange on good practices in decriminalisation in relation to HIV outcomes and includes HJN’s Edwin Bernard and HJN GAP member, Alexander McClelland.

Thursday 25th July

12.00pm-1.00pm. Poster presentations. HJN team members Sylvie Beaumont, Elliot Hatt and Sofia Varguez will present four posters: Global Trends in HIV Criminalisation; The Relevance of Gender to Potential or Perceived HIV ‘Exposure’ Charges in HIV Criminalisation Cases; The ABCs of HIV Law Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean: Case Studies on HIV (De)criminalisation in Argentina, Belize, and Colombia; and Challenging Coercion and Misplaced Punishment: HIV and Infant Feeding Choices.

3:00pm-4:00pm: Workshop: Doing HIV Justice in Europe. Global Village 555 Zone. This workshop, led by HJN’s Julian Hows and featuring most of the HJN team, will focus on HIV decriminalisation advocacy across the WHO Europe region.

All Week (Sunday-Thursday)

Global HIV Migration, Global Village Exhibition Booth ADO4

This booth has been designed to capture a short video in a safe and secure space for anyone to tell us their story about travelling or relocating with HIV with a highly experienced film maker, HJN’s video and visuals consultant, Nicholas Feustel. Co-hosted by HJN, Queensland Positive People, NAPWHA and hivtravel.org.

UK Parliament Commemorates HIV Is Not A Crime Day

On Tuesday 5th March the HIV Justice Network hosted a reception with the All Party Parliamentary Group for HIV, AIDS and Sexual Health (APPGA) to mark the first global HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day.

Baroness Barker, co-chair of the APPGA, Lisa Power former Policy Director at the Terrence Higgins Trust and the first chair of the HIV Justice Network’s Supervisory Board, spoke alongside our Executive Director, Edwin J Bernard. The SERO Project’s, Kerry Thomas, an HIV criminalisation survivor and activist, appeared via video.

The event was attended by MPs and members of the House of Lords, as well as representatives of the UK and US governments, the Global Fund, UNAIDS, HIV philanthropic funders, and UK and international HIV policy organisations.

Edwin presented global and Commonwealth data, based on a briefing paper especially undertaken for the event by our policy analyst, Elliot Hatt, which demonstrated that the Commonwealth is far behind global HIV criminalisation law reform trends.

In the past five years, there were more adoptions of HIV criminalisation laws than there were repeals or reforms in the Commonwealth, whilst globally this was reversed.  Notably, the United States – formerly a world leader and exporter of HIV criminalisation – was now a world leader in ending it.

“It’s time for the UK to do the same, domestically, and throughout the Commonwealth,” he said.

[Show picture list]
UPDATE 22nd March: The Parliamentary event and our Commonwealth analysis led to questions being asked in Parliament by APPGA co-chair, Florence Eshalomi MP. 

To ask the Minister of State, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office:

What steps he is taking to help encourage the repeal of HIV specific laws in the 20 jurisdictions in the Commonwealth that still have them.

Whether his Department is providing support to (a) the HIV Justice Network and (b) other organisations working to repeal HIV-specific laws globally.

 

These questions were answered by Andrew Mitchell MP Minister of State for Development and Africa with the same answer for both questions:

Addressing stigma, discrimination and criminalisation is critical to ensuring equality of access to HIV prevention, testing and treatment services and to achieving progress in the global HIV response.

The UK is a champion of human rights around the world and we are committed to the principle of non-discrimination on any grounds, including on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. The UK’s network of over 280 Diplomatic Missions monitor human rights in host countries.

At the UN High Level Meeting on HIV in June 2021, the UK worked hard to secure the highest level of commitment from our global partners and garner support for the ambitious, rights-based Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026, so the world has the best chance of meeting the 2030 goal to end AIDS. We also endorse the Global Fund’s 2023-2028 Strategy, with a focus on addressing inequities and structural drivers of HIV infection and AIDS-related deaths including barriers to services due to stigma, discrimination and criminalisation.

Our funding to the Robert Carr Fund and to UNAIDS helps to support legal and policy reform to combat stigma, discrimination and criminalisation, and to improve access to HIV services for those most at risk, as well as supporting civil society and grassroots organisations to challenge harmful policies and attitudes that exclude minorities and put them at greater risk of HIV infection and increase access to services for these groups.

 

We are grateful to the UK’s leadership, and its support of the Robert Carr Fund – which funds much of our work, and that of the HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition – which is currently seeking replenishment for the next funding round, 2025-7, and we hope that the UK will be the first to commit to supporting the Fund once again.

HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day goes global!

Next Wednesday 28th February is HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day.

For the first time, HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day – which began two years ago in the United States – has gone global! This year’s theme is: “You care about ending HIV criminalisation – you just don’t know it yet!”

That’s why we’ll be producing a very special episode of our webshow, HIV Justice Live! on this important new date for global HIV decriminalisation activism, where I’ll be joined on my ‘virtual sofa’ by an inspiring group of community-based expert activists – Florence Riako Anam (GNP+); HIV and human rights consultant, Michaela Clayton; Mikhail Golichenko (HIV Legal Network); and Andy Tapia and Kerry Thomas (SERO Project) – to explain why HIV criminalisation impacts us all, and what you can do about it.

We’ll be streaming live to YouTube and Facebook, so you’ll be able to interact with us during our Q&A session. By March 1st, Zero Discrimination Day, the show will also be available on our YouTube channel where it will be subtitled in English, allowing for automatic translation into any language.

HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day was the brainchild of our long-time HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE partner, the SERO Project’s co-Executive Director, Kamaria Laffrey. HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day was launched two years ago in collaboration with the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation, community activists and public policy organisations across the United States and grown in size and prominence ever since.

HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day takes place on 28th February for several reasons. It’s a date that bridges two major US awareness months – Black History Month in February and Women’s History Month in March. And it’s also a symbolic nod to the legacy of the late Hollywood icon and early AIDS activist, Elizabeth Taylor, who was born on 27th February.

HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day is an opportunity to amplify the voices of those who have been criminalised based on their HIV status; to remind people of the negative impacts of HIV criminalisation on health and rights; to celebrate the work of many individuals who are part of the growing global movement to end HIV criminalisation; and to recognise that there’s still much to do to achieve HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE.

You can find out what other events are taking place on and around HIV Is Not A Crime Awareness Day by visiting a dedicated Facebook page or by following the hashtag #HINACDay.

Announcing Living 2024:
The People Living with HIV Pre-conference at AIDS2024!

As we commemorate World AIDS Day, a coalition that so far includes: the Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+), the International Community of Women Living with HIV (ICW), the Global Network of Young People Living with HIV (Y+ Global), the HIV Justice Network (HJN), AIDS Action Europe (AAE), and the European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG) are delighted to announce our plans to host the People Living with HIV Pre-conference at AIDS2024.

Living 2024 is planned for 20th and 21st July 2024 ahead of the AIDS2024 conference in Munich. 
 
Looking back to 1983, when the very first gathering of people living with HIV developed the Denver Principles, setting the path to the greater involvement, engagement and leadership of people living with HIV in the AIDS response, we are committed to sustain that legacy and make Living 2024 a platform for people living with HIV and our close allies and partners to connect, and strengthen global solidarity for community leadership in the AIDS response. 
 
Living 2024 will be organised under the theme, ‘‘Communities leading: advancing health, dignity, equity”.
 
This is the first time since 2016 that the global community of people living with HIV in all our diversities will meet in person to reflect on the multiple socio-political challenges faced by people living with HIV that continue to limit the civic space needed for our advocacy, as well as the inequalities that fuel stigma, discrimination and criminalisation.

We plan to build power together and identify opportunities to strengthen access to affordable and optimised treatment and diagnostics including for addressing the unique challenges of ageing with HIV.

Living 2024, is also an opportunity for people living with HIV and affected communities to come together to reflect, re-imagine and define the future of the HIV movement, as well as  our place within the broader global health and development platforms in shaping the HIV sustainability plans beyond 2030. 
 
The organisers of Living 2024 call on countries and decision-makers to refocus, recommit, and ensure that communities lead. AIDS isn’t over, our lives and dignity are still under threat, and stigma, discrimination and criminalisation still prevent us from fully benefiting from the remarkable progress of HIV science. 
 
As we prepare for this crucial convening, we invite other networks, communities, partners, and potential funders to join us in making this event successful and historic. In the coming weeks, we will share more details. For any inquiries please reach out to us on email: living2024@gnpplus.net

Download this press release as a pdf

EECA Judges’ Forum on HIV, Human Rights and the Law meet to discuss challenges presented by punitive laws

Judges from Eastern Europe and Central Asia gather in Moldova to discuss the region’s pressing issues around health, HIV, human rights and the law

The Eastern European and Central Asian Judges’ Forum on HIV, Human Rights and the Law – an independent body of judges from the region yearly convened by UNDP – starts their two-day meeting on 27 November 2023 in Chișinău, Moldova, to discuss challenges that punitive laws present to the full realization of the rights of people living with and affected by HIV.

The Forum, started in Moldova five years ago, returns this year to address challenges that remain in the region, as well as to highlight the progress made by countries like Moldova in addressing them.

“The Ministry of Justice is taking all measures to bring criminal policy in line with European standards, ensuring human rights is a priority. To this end, sanctions have been adjusted in criminal law with the aim of humanizing and clearly distinguishing cases of drug use from drug dealing. In addition, it is proposed to diversify the penalties in order to promote alternatives to imprisonment. Improving the human rights protection system remains a priority for the Ministry of Justice, and each of us understands that we must apply a proactive policy in the area of combating drug use, enhancing the role of the judiciary in ensuring the rights of this category of people are reconceptualized,” noted Veronica Mihailov-Moraru, Minister of Justice of the Republic of Moldova.

“At the core of our discussions during the Forum are real people – individuals whose lives and rights depend on the decisions made within the walls of courtrooms. It is our responsibility to protect these rights, to champion the cause of justice, and to ensure that no one is left behind in our fight against HIV,” said Andrea Cuzyova, UNDP Deputy Resident Representative to the Republic of Moldova.

The Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region is among three in the world where HIV infections and deaths are still on the rise. Fifteen countries in the region still criminalize HIV transmission, and many others, in law or practice, restrict access to life-saving services for key populations. People who use drugs are still the most impacted by HIV in the region; rigid drug policies often drive people away from vital health services. This exacerbates the HIV epidemic and facilitates high incarceration rates, contributing to a burgeoning tuberculosis epidemic and other health and social challenges for individuals upon release.

Prior to the war in Ukraine, labor migration has been a significant driver of HIV and TB epidemics in the EECA region, and currently internally displaced persons and migrants have limited access to vital health services, including HIV and tuberculosis, and legal support. HIV decriminalization and pro-active drug policy reforms are long overdue in the region.

“We now have evidence that countries with more enabling societal and legal environments where punitive policies are replaced with those that put people and health at the center and protect rights to non-discrimination are associated with bigger declines in HIV incidence,” said Vera Ilyenkova, Adviser, Key populations & Communities engagement in UNAIDS Regional Support Team for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. UNAIDS report this year focused on the opportunities that countries can take for legal reform and innovation to stem HIV epidemics.

“A large number of incarcerated people across the Eastern European and Central Asian region are serving prison terms for drug related offenses, in many cases simple possession with no harm to others. It is time to reflect on whether this is an effective measure, whether it is the right public investment, whether it is justified and proportionate. I invite all participants to the Judges forum to consider that the answer to these questions is NO and that drug policies in the region should undergo significant reforms” said Prof. Michel Kazatchkine, Special Advisor to the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO/Europe)

The role of judges in addressing health and other social issues is critical. The justice system can either impede or facilitate social and public health efforts to provide equitable health care, thus ultimately contributing to the achievement of universal health coverage. In addition, an independent, impartial, accountable and professional judicial system, as well as the protection of fundamental rights, is increasingly a topic of discussion in the region, where some countries are candidates for EU accession.

“Our region is presented with many challenges and as judges we are also impacted. The choice is ours – not to pay attention to the issues or to ask hard questions and to apply the law with the view of protections of human rights, so that no one is left behind,” said Sharof Alanazarzoda, Judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan and member of the Forum Steering Committee.

The two-day forum includes judges from Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova; high-level officials from Moldova, Eastern and Central European and Central Asian Commission on Drug Policy; development partners and civil society leadership from the region and from Moldova. Topics addressed will include HIV decriminalization, EU integration, drug policy reform, migration and fostering collaboration between civil society, UN, and the judiciary in achieving high-level targets on HIV elimination.

Coming soon:
HIV Justice Live! Episode 5: Bringing Science to Justice

Five years ago, twenty of the world’s leading HIV scientists published the ‘Expert Consensus Statement on the Science of HIV in the Context of Criminal Law’ to address the misuse of HIV science in punitive laws and prosecutions against people living with HIV for acts related to sexual activity, biting, or spitting.

More than 70 scientists from 46 countries endorsed the Expert Consensus Statement prior to its publication in the Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS). The Statement was launched on 25th July 2018 at AIDS 2018, with the press conference generating global media coverage.

Building upon our initial 2020 scoping report, we recently undertook further extensive research to examine the impact of the Expert Consensus Statement in the five years since its publication.

On 25th July 2023 – exactly five years to the day of the original launch – we will not only be presenting our findings at the 12th IAS Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2023), we will also be launching the five-year impact report during our live webshow, HIV Justice Live!

Hosted by HJN’s Executive Director, Edwin J Bernard, the show will include a discussion with the report’s lead author, HJN’s Senior Policy Analyst Alison Symington, as well as interviews with Malawian judge Zione Ntaba, Taiwan activist Fletcher Chui, and SALC lawyer Tambudzai Gonese-Manjonjo on the Statement’s impact.

We’ll also hear from some of the Expert Consensus Statement’s authors, including Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Salim S Abdool Karim, Linda-Gail Bekker, Chris Beyrer, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Benjamin Young, and Peter Godfrey-Faussett.

Ugandan lawyer and HJN Supervisory Board member Immaculate Owomugisha will also be joining us live from the IAS 2023 conference in Brisbane, Australia where she is serving as a rapporteur, to discuss the Statement’s legacy and relevance today.

There will be opportunities to let us know the impact the Expert Consensus Statement has had in your advocacy and to ask questions live, so please save the date and time.

HIV Justice Live! Episode 5: Bringing Science to Justice will be live on our Facebook and YouTube pages on Tuesday 25th July at 3pm CEST (click here for your local time).

 

On Zero Discrimination Day:
law reform is not easy, but it’s possible

Today, on On Zero Discrimination Day, HJN was delighted to participate in a webinar — co-hosted with the Global Partnership to end HIV-related Stigma and Discrimination and the Not A Criminal Campaign — that explored how law reform is possible.

You can watch the entire webinar here: https://fb.watch/i-79fP5bYV/

I was asked to provide some closing remarks.  As we were running late, I had to cut some of my prepared remarks, which are included here in square brackets [ ].  Here they are in full.

We all know decriminalisation is possible. But it’s not easy.  Still, it can and does happen. 

It can happen thanks to the strong commitment of the three most important pillars that make change possible:
  • It starts with community leadership
  • It ends with government commitment and political will
  • And it happens with the support of the broader UN family (co-ordinated by UNAIDS) working closely with partners like the Global Fund and PEPFAR. 
This is why the Global Partnership is the ideal mechanism to cement those three pillars together.
 
But what does it actually take to change laws?  Successful strategic litigation or law reform doesn’t happen in a vacuum. That means not only funding the legal or human rights organisations challenging the laws, but also (a non-exhaustive list):
  • Funding the communities impacted by those laws, supporting people to know their rights;
  • Funding the community-based paralegals to help frightened and vulnerable people navigate the harsh realities of criminal legal system;
  • Funding community-based organisations to monitor rights violations, produce shadow reports, and document the evidence of the harms of criminalisation;
  • Funding community-led training and sensitisation of police, prosecutors and judges, and law-and policy-makers;  and
  • Funding the community-based  organisations supporting and co-ordinating the work regionally and globally, creating tools for challenge including working with the media where so much of the stigma created by these harmful laws is perpetuated, but can be also where hearts and minds can be changed.
So it takes a (global) village. 
 
And time – which we don’t have much of if we are to reach those ambitious 10-10-10 targets by 2025, or 2030. 
 
And money – which we never seem to have enough of. 
 
But it is possible, and it can happen. 
 
We’ve heard today about various forms of decriminalisation.  And you all saw the map that Tinashe shared earlier showing that HIV criminalisation laws have been reformed or repealed in 15 countries over the past decade, but there’s still another 129 countries to go!
 
And although we didn’t get to hear today from our colleagues working with people who use drugs, and in drug policy, over 30 countries around the world have adopted legal reforms to remove the criminalisation of certain activities related to drug use.
 
But we also heard about the many challenges that remain.
 
Yesterday was the 2nd ‘HIV is not a crime day‘ in the US. It was fantastic to see so many activities and events raise awareness of an issue that is so close to my heart and which for too long has been underfunded and overlooked. In fact yesterday Funders Concerned About AIDS highlighted that in 2020 only around 0.5% of all philanthropic funding supported HIV decriminalisation work globally.  Today, the HIV Justice Network and the HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition is grateful to the Robert Carr Fund for civil society networks, to allow us to ensure that the message that ‘HIV is not a crime’ is heard, understood, and acted upon globally.  But this work, like all decriminalisation work, needs more resources.
 
[This work is sometimes really hard and sometimes doesn’t always lead to success – at least the first time around. Despite the best efforts of our colleagues at KELIN and UGANET, we were disappointed to learn at the end of 2022 that constitutional challenges to Kenya’s and Uganda’s HIV-specific criminal laws were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, both will appeal these retrograde rulings, because they – and we – are on the right side of history. After all, Zimbabwe repealed their HIV-specific criminal law last year following years of advocacy following unsuccessful strategic litigation.
 
We know that HIV criminalisation mostly serves as a proxy for other kinds of discrimination – discrimination based on class, ethnicity, gender identity, migrant status, race, sex, sexual orientation, and other potential markers of social vulnerability.
 
And we know that most aggressive push to criminalise people living with HIV tends to occur at the intersection of several stigmatised or criminalised identities.
 
And so we firmly believe that this work must be intersectional and collaborative.]
 
We also know that decriminalisation alone will not address the full complexity of the intersecting stigmas behind these laws and their enforcement. As with other manifestations of discrimination, the ultimate solution lies in equality and empowerment. This is a marathon, not a sprint, and dismantling systems that have been built over decades and that oppress people living with HIV and key populations takes time.
 
We heard today from the South African Deputy Minister of Justice about the Sex Work Decriminalisation Bill.  We, and many others in our global network have written letters of support to the South African government welcoming this change.  This Friday, 3rd March, is International Sex Workers Rights Day. Let’s make sure South Africa knows the world is watching and that South African sex workers  know we have their back.
 
HIV is not a crime, and sex work shouldn’t be a crime, either!
 
Let’s use our collective power across all social media and and on #ZeroDiscrimination Day use the hashtags  #SexWorkIsWork and #HIVIsNotACrime.

Two significant days in the HIV justice calendar

28th February marks the second HIV is Not a Crime Awareness Day. Launched by the Sero Project — our US partners in the HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition — in collaboration with The Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation, ­ the day has four overarching aims: to STRENGTHEN the movement by committing to ENGAGE with networks of people living with HIV and our allies working to REFORM HIV criminalisation so we can OVERCOME over-policing and targeting of people with HIV, understanding the intersection with racial, gender and sexual and reproductive justice.

The choice of date is the bridge that connects two other important US awareness days: National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (7th February) and National Women & Girls’ HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (10th March). Black and Brown communities — including Black and Brown women and women of trans experience — are most impacted by HIV criminalisation in the US. This date is also a symbolic nod to the legacy of the late Hollywood icon and notable AIDS activist, Elizabeth Taylor, in celebration of her birthday on 27th February.

You can find events taking place all over the United States on the HINAC Day Facebook page or by following the hashtag #HINACDay. If you would like to sign on as an individual and/or organisation in support of the US movement to end HIV criminalisation, click here.

The following day, 1st March, sees an important global event, Zero Discrimination Day, first established by UNAIDS in 2014. Zero Discrimination Day is a global solidarity movement that celebrates the right of everyone to live a full and productive life with dignity. It highlights how people can become informed about and promote inclusion, compassion, peace and, above all, a movement for change.

Each year has a specific theme. This year’s theme is Save lives: Decriminalise. With this theme, UNAIDS is highlighting how the human rights goals of decriminalisation of people living with HIV and key populations could have a major impact on health and wellbeing — as well as help advance the end of AIDS a public health threat. 

In 2021, the world set ambitious law reform targets to remove criminal laws that are undermining the HIV response and leaving criminalised populations behind. Recognising decriminalisation as a critical element in the response, countries made a commitment that by 2025 fewer than 10% of countries would have punitive legal and policy environments that affect the HIV response, including HIV criminalisation.

Unfortunately, we’re far from those targets, but there is hope. You can find events taking place all over the world by following the hashtag #ZeroDiscrimination. On Zero Discrimination Day, we’re delighted to participate in a webinar — co-hosted by the HIV JUSTICE WORLDWIDE coalition, the Not A Criminal Campaign, and the Global Partnership to end HIV-related Stigma and Discrimination — from 12pm Central European Time that will explore how law reform is possible. Register at: http://bit.ly/3K5UJVd