Overview
Israel does not have an HIV-specific law but its Penal Code includes a provision making it illegal for a person to perform “any act that is liable to spread a disease”. The offence carries a penalty of three years’ imprisonment if the act is performed negligently, with the penalty increased to seven years in cases where a person maliciously performed the act. Factors such as consent and risk reduction practices are not specifically addressed in the law.
In 2017, the first known HIV criminalisation case involved an HIV-positive man arrested on suspicion of transmitting HIV. The man, from Guinea, was accused of sexually assaulting his girlfriend, of suspected of residing in Israel illegally, and of forging permits for other migrants to work illegally. The Jerusalem Post reported that the man was charged with undertaking acts likely to spread disease, and also with impersonation, forgery and illegal residence (with charges for sexual assault not mentioned). The results of the prosecution are not known.
Laws
Penal Law 5737-1977
Article 218. Act likely to spread disease
If a person negligently performed any act that is liable to spread a disease dangerous to life, then he is liable to three years imprisonment; if he performed that act maliciously, then he is liable to seven years imprisonment.
HIV Justice Network's Positive Destinations
Visit the Israel page on Positive Destinations for information on regulations that restrict entry, stay, and residency based on HIV-positive status, as well as access to HIV treatment for non-nationals.